quiz 2 Flashcards
general structure of a neuron and types
cellbody, axon, dendrites
sensory and motor neurons
efferent vs afferent
efferent is being sent away from nervous system and afferent is being sent towards the brain
sensory neurons
afferent neurons, one axon no dendrites,
decsending tract
commands that go down to muscles. descends from the brain down the spinal cord
Motor neurson
two types: alpha (predominantly in the spinal cord) and gamma (mostly in skeletal muscle)
parts of brain directly involved in control of movement
cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum and brainstem.
forebrain
cerebrum and diencephalon
basal ganglia
planning and initiation of movement.
Parkinson’s disease
a basal ganglia disorder caused by lack of production of the neurotransmitter dopamine. characterized by slow movements and reduced amount of movement
parietal lobe
control of voluntary movement and integrating movement
diencephalon
contains the thalamus and hypothalamus. thalamus relays and integrate sensory info from spinal cord and brain. hypothalamus: lies under the thalamus: controls endocrine system and regulation of bodies homeostasis.
ascending tract
sensory neural pathway that connect with sensory areas of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
working memory
integrates with long-term memory for decision making, problem-solving evaluation and movement-production. 20-30 seconds. plus or minus-two items.
long-term memory
relatively permanent storage. duration is unknown and capacity is essentially unlimited.
procedural memory
memory that we use to know how to do things. use this when we have specific action goals.
semantic memory
general knowledge about the world from our experiences. factual knowledge as well.
episodic memory
“mentally travel back in time”. events memory
declarative knowledge
knowledge about what to do in a situation. this knowledge is typically verbalized
procedural knowledge
enables a person to know how to do a skill. often difficult to verbalize
explicit memory test
recall tests, recognition tests,
implicit memory test
asking someone to explain how they just did something and then do it. for things such as tying your shoe, which would be hard to explain but easy to show that you know how to do it
proactive interference
activity occurs prior to presentation of information
strategies to help remember a movement or sequence of movements
visual metaphoric imagery: ex) swimming: picking an apple and putting it in a basket
verbal label: giving a meaningful verbal label to a movement
subjective organization
organizing information to be remembered in a way that is meaningful for the subject such as chunking, clustering and grouping. ex)monologues or songs
encoding specificity principle
the more the test context resembles the practice context, the better the retention performance will be.
