quiz 2

Question 1

general structure of a neuron and types

Answer 1

cellbody, axon, dendrites

sensory and motor neurons

Question 2

efferent vs afferent

Answer 2

efferent is being sent away from nervous system and afferent is being sent towards the brain

Question 3

sensory neurons

Answer 3

afferent neurons, one axon no dendrites,

Question 4

decsending tract

Answer 4

commands that go down to muscles. descends from the brain down the spinal cord

Question 5

Motor neurson

Answer 5

two types: alpha (predominantly in the spinal cord) and gamma (mostly in skeletal muscle)

Question 6

parts of brain directly involved in control of movement

Answer 6

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum and brainstem.

Question 7

forebrain

Answer 7

cerebrum and diencephalon

Question 8

basal ganglia

Answer 8

planning and initiation of movement.

Question 9

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 9

a basal ganglia disorder caused by lack of production of the neurotransmitter dopamine. characterized by slow movements and reduced amount of movement

Question 10

parietal lobe

Answer 10

control of voluntary movement and integrating movement

Question 11

diencephalon

Answer 11

contains the thalamus and hypothalamus. thalamus relays and integrate sensory info from spinal cord and brain. hypothalamus: lies under the thalamus: controls endocrine system and regulation of bodies homeostasis.

Question 12

ascending tract

Answer 12

sensory neural pathway that connect with sensory areas of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum

Question 13

working memory

Answer 13

integrates with long-term memory for decision making, problem-solving evaluation and movement-production. 20-30 seconds. plus or minus-two items.

Question 14

long-term memory

Answer 14

relatively permanent storage. duration is unknown and capacity is essentially unlimited.

Question 15

procedural memory

Answer 15

memory that we use to know how to do things. use this when we have specific action goals.

Question 16

semantic memory

Answer 16

general knowledge about the world from our experiences. factual knowledge as well.

Question 17

episodic memory

Answer 17

“mentally travel back in time”. events memory

Question 18

declarative knowledge

Answer 18

knowledge about what to do in a situation. this knowledge is typically verbalized

Question 19

procedural knowledge

Answer 19

enables a person to know how to do a skill. often difficult to verbalize

Question 20

explicit memory test

Answer 20

recall tests, recognition tests,

Question 21

implicit memory test

Answer 21

asking someone to explain how they just did something and then do it. for things such as tying your shoe, which would be hard to explain but easy to show that you know how to do it

Question 22

proactive interference

Answer 22

activity occurs prior to presentation of information

Question 23

strategies to help remember a movement or sequence of movements

Answer 23

visual metaphoric imagery: ex) swimming: picking an apple and putting it in a basket
verbal label: giving a meaningful verbal label to a movement

Question 24

subjective organization

Answer 24

organizing information to be remembered in a way that is meaningful for the subject such as chunking, clustering and grouping. ex)monologues or songs

Question 25

encoding specificity principle

Answer 25

the more the test context resembles the practice context, the better the retention performance will be.