Quiz 2 <3 Flashcards
what is a cell cycle?
a series of events that allows the cell to enter cell division
WHICH PHASE: nuclear envelope breaks down
prophase
WHICH PHASE: spindle fibers emerge from centrosomes
prophase
WHICH PHASE: nucleolus disappears (BYE)
prophase
WHICH PHASE: what is the first change phase?
prometaphase
WHICH PHASE: chromosomes continue to condense
prometaphase
WHICH PHASE: the mitotic spindles continues to form
prometaphase
WHICH PHASE: first main major change phase?
metaphase
WHICH PHASE: aligned on the equator/_____ plate
metaphase
WHICH PHASE: spindle fibers are formed and the chromatids are at their most condensed form
metaphase
WHICH PHASE: divides cell into 2 and enters upward phase
metaphase
WHICH PHASE: known as “upwards” phase
anaphase
WHICH PHASE: sister chromatids start moving towards the opposite poles
anaphase
WHICH PHASE: cell starts to become elongated
anaphase
WHICH PHASE: distance phase
telophase
WHICH PHASE: chromosomes have reached their opposite phases and chromatin starts to relax
telophase
WHICH PHASE: mitotic spindles become UNEMPLOYED
telophase!
WHICH PHASE: spindles depolymerize
telophase
WHICH PHASE: forms cleavage furrow
cytokinesis
WHICH PHASE: splits cell in two (animal cell only)
cytokinesis
WHICH PHASE: kinetochores appear at the centromeres
prometaphase
WHICH PHASE: cell plate separates the daughter cell (plant cell only)
cytokinesis
WHICH PHASE: each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles
metaphase
where do kinetochores sit?
on top of centromere
What’s the order of the cell cycle?
PPMAT
what is PPMAT?
Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
where are chromosomes duplicated?
s phase
what regulates the cell cycle?
cytokines and CDK
what does the g1 checkpoint do?
checks for pre-existing DNA to go through the dna synthesis and checks for growth
what does the m checkpoint check?
checks to see if the spindle fibers have their integrity intact
what does g2 check for?
literally everything
if the cell does not receive the go-ahead signal, where does it go?
g0 phase
where did eukaryotes come from?
prokaryotes
prokaryotes are characterized by what?
nucleoid, no lysosomes,
what are histones responsible for?
first level of packing in chromatin
what is chromatin made of?
eight histone proteins and dna coiled around it?
what is loosely packed chromatin called?
euchromatin
EUCHROMATIN OR HETEROCHROMATIN: transcriptionally inactive
heterochromatin
EUCHROMATIN OR HETEROCHROMATIN: actively present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes
euchromatin
EUCHROMATIN OR HETEROCHROMATIN: dna is loosely packed
euchromatin
EUCHROMATIN OR HETEROCHROMATIN: dna is highly packed
heterochromatin
EUCHROMATIN OR HETEROCHROMATIN: transcriptionally active
euchromatin
are histones dna??
no!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! they are proteins…
proteins are _______, lipids are _________
monomers, fake polymers
what do ribosomes look like?
little dots
does the rough ER have ribosomes?
no!!!!!!!!!!
which type of cell has central vacuoles?
plant cells
