Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

FINAL Quasi-military style criticism

A
  • “Us” versus “them” attitude
  • Encourages idea of war on crime
  • Produces low morale
  • Rigid structure = job dissatisfaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

FINAL Military tool used?

A

8,000 police dogs used by local police in 2007, along with planes, boats and helicopters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dominant style as a complex bureaucracy

A
  • tasks assigned to bureaus
  • hierarchy and clear division of labor
  • specific tasks delegated to lower-rank employees
  • clear chain of command
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Problems in bureaucracy in policing?

A
  • inflexible, unable to adapt to external changes
  • communication within usually breaks down
  • isolated from the people they serve
  • accused of not using talents of their employees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Informal aspects - horizontal and vertical disputes

A
  • Horizontal disputes - go to similar rank

- Vertical disputes - go to different ranks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Police Professionalism

A

Professional departments adopted a “by the book” approach

But bureaucracy imposes formal control over behavior of officers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FINAL Community policing

A
  • decentralizes decision making

- territorial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Task forces

A
  • Based on talents

- Officers from different ranks or agencies to solve certain problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

FINAL Community policing attempts to…

A
  • modify police organization through de-bureaucratization
  • deformalize (gt rid of rules/manuals
  • despecialize (replace specialized units with officers in neighbourhood
  • delayerize (decrease distance between officers and chief)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

FINAL COMPSTAT (Computer Comparison Statistics)

A
  • Used first by NYC Police in 1994
  • Clarifies department’s mission, goals and values
  • Holds managers accountable
  • Commanders responsible for geographic areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FINAL COMPSTAT is used to:

A
  • identify problems

- evaluate success and failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

FINAL Police Unions

A

Majority of police officers are represented by unions

- to improve salaries and benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

FINAL 3 major police unions

A
  1. Fraternal order of police
  2. International Union
  3. Teamsters Law enforcement League
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contingency Theory

A

Organizations are structured to achieve specific goals (eg. crime control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Institutional Theory

A

Organizations operate in relation to their external social and political environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Resource Dependency Theory

A

Organizations must obtain resources to survive (interact with other organizations in community)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

FINAL Sense of Mission” James Q. Wilson

A
  • “Organization has a sense of mission when its culture is shared by operators and managers alike”
  • Organizational features
  • Particular goals
  • Professional background and training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

FINAL Styles of Policing:

A
  1. Service Style Policing
  2. Legalistic
  3. Watchmen
    * Most effective way is to combine them all*
19
Q

FINALService style policing

A
  • Focuses on providing assistance

- View taxpayers as bosses

20
Q

FINAL Legalistic style of policing

A

In departments that discourage discretion

Is reactive

21
Q

FINAL Watchmen

A

Doesn’t respond to situations much, but when it does it’s aggressive.
*Proactive, look to deter crime.

22
Q

Differential Association Theory

A
  • Holds that criminal (or police) behavior is learned
23
Q

A trope

A

Take stolen goods, but don’t arrest offender. Helps to deal with low level crime.

24
Q

The Hawthorne Experiments

A
  • Factory with 45,000 employees in Illinois
  • Studied how women assembling telephone relays were impacted by various factors
    eg. two breaks v one break, length of day
  • Conclusion of study: pay is important but not thing important
  • Recognition motivates workers
25
4 phases:
Choice, intro, encounter, metamorphisis
26
40 years ago...
...almost all officers were male, white and had a high school education
27
Personnel problems:
- not trained properly - do not supervise them well - do not have evaluation system - fail to discipline officers - fail to provide career opportunities - do not promote the best officers = all these together equals personnel problems
28
National Center for Women and Policing
- Argues that stereotypes emphasizing officer use of force and need of physical strength discourage women to consider policing
29
***FINAL*** 30 years ago...
Nearly all police departments (85%) required officers to be at least 5'8" - This was challenged in lawsuits by Hispanic and Asian Americans
30
***FINAL*** 82%...
...of police departments require only a high school education or equivalent But requirements are higher in bigger cities
31
Residency: American Civil Liberties...
A true part of the community they patrol and not appear as outsiders. 25% officers live in the same city they work
32
***FINAL*** Title IV 1964 Civil Rights Act
Unlawful for employer to fail or refuse to hire or discharge someone based on race, color or religion...
33
***FINAL*** 1972 Equal Opportunity Act
Extended to include police and sheriff's department
34
Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications
- Refuse to hire people who do not possess qualification necessary for the job
35
1990 American with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Includes police but unable to properly define disability
36
Affirmative Action
Resulted in hiring of only white men. More proactive | = ending discrimination
37
First woman police officer...
hired in Indianapolis., 1968
38
By 2050
More Hispanic and Asians in policing
39
Equal Employment Opportunity Index
- Lewis and Walker developed it | Dividing population of % of race in police form by % of race in department
40
Rite of Passage
Socializes recruits into police subculture
41
Cues
Visual cues such as gender, clothing, race, become a form of stereotyping, major contributor to police and community relation problems
42
***FINAL*** Herbert's 6 factors that shape and help explain police subculture
1. The Law 2. Bureaucratic Control 3. Culture of adventure 4. Society 5. Compentence 6. Morality
43
Cohort Effects
Officers from different decades have different ideas and lifestyles
44
Relationship between attitudes and behavior
1. Constrained by police bureaucracy and criminal justice system 2. Due to citizen complaint or lawsuit 3. Disciplinary action by police department for misconduct