Quiz 2 Flashcards
What is stimulus control?
Stimulus control occurs when the presence of a specific antecedent (stimulus) influences the likelihood of a behaviour occurring.
What is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?
An SD is a stimulus that signals that reinforcement is available for a specific behaviour.
What is an SΔ (S-delta)?
An SΔ is a stimulus that signals that reinforcement is not available, leading to a decrease in the associated behaviour.
What is discrimination training?
A procedure in which a behaviour is reinforced in the presence of one stimulus (SD) and not reinforced in the presence of another stimulus (SΔ).
What is generalization in ABA?
The occurrence of a learned behaviour in different environments, with different stimuli, or with different people.
What is response generalization?
When a learner exhibits a behaviour that is functionally equivalent to the trained behaviour.
What is stimulus generalization?
When a behaviour learned in the presence of one stimulus occurs in the presence of other, similar stimuli.
What are some strategies to promote generalization?
Programming common stimuli, teaching multiple exemplars, using natural contingencies of reinforcement, and training loosely.
What is shaping?
A process of reinforcing successive approximations of a target behaviour.
What is differential reinforcement?
Reinforcing only desired responses while withholding reinforcement for undesired responses.
What is prompting?
A cue or assistance that increases the likelihood of a correct response.
What are the types of prompts?
- Response prompts (physical, verbal, model)
Stimulus prompts (positional, redundancy, movement)
What are the main types of prompt fading?
- Most-to-least prompting
Least-to-most prompting
Time delay
Graduated guidance
What is task analysis?
Breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable steps.
What are the three chaining methods?
- Forward chaining: Teaching one step at a time, from first to last.
Backward chaining: Teaching the last step first, then moving backward.
Total task presentation: Teaching all steps in one session.
What is the Premack Principle?
Using a preferred activity as reinforcement for completing a less preferred activity (e.g., “First do your homework, then you can play video games”).
