- FPS: slugs - CGS: gram - MKS: kilo

- FPS - 32 ft/sec^2 - CGS - 980 cms/sec^2 - MKS - 9.8 meters/sec^2

- the amount of space a substance occupies - L x W x H

Quiz 2 Flashcards by Riley Kealoha

define mass

quantity of matter

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units for mass

FPS: slugs
CGS: gram
MKS: kilo

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values for gravity

FPS - 32 ft/sec^2
CGS - 980 cms/sec^2
MKS - 9.8 meters/sec^2

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weight

mass x g
- g = acceleration due to gravity
- fixed value depending on altitude

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inertia

tendency to remain in the current state

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force formula

F = m x a

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work formula

force x distance
- CGS: dyne x cm = erg
- MKS: newton x meters = joule

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power formula - 2 ways to express power

work/time = fxd/time
force x velocity
units: ergs/sec, joules/sec (Watt)

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kinetic energy formula

1/2mv^2
- force of impact of a moving object

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potential energy formula

PE = mgh

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strain potential energy formula

1/2 x stress x strain x volume
- 1/2

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how is kinetic energy dissipated in sports

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volume formula

the amount of space a substance occupies
L x W x H

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density formula

p (greek) = mass/volume

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specific gravity formula

density of object/density of fluid

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how do people and objects sink

object density > fluid density

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how do people and objects float

object density < fluid density

impulse formula

force x time

pressure formula

P = F/A
- force distributed over a given area

vector composition

combining multiple vectors to find a single resultant vector

vector resolution

breaking down single vector into its component parts or smaller vectors along different axes
the relative sizes of the resultant & vertical components change throughout the flight of the projectile because of the acceleration caused by gravitational force
the horizontal component is kept constant to isolate the effect of gravity

linear motion

motion along an axis in which all points of the system move at the same time, in the same direction

parabolic motion

shape depends on relative sizes of the vertical & horizontal components
when gravity is the only force, center of gravity of any object will follow a parabolic path
symmetrical

factors determining the trajectory of a projectile

projection angle
projection velocity
relative projection height

changes in the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of the projectile during flight

torque

tendency of an eccentric force to rotate an object around an axis - degree of linear or angular motion depends on how far away from the center the eccentric force is applied - measure of effectiveness of the force

3 components of a simple machine

- mover: source of energy - resister: load or weight of the body segment - machine: which changes energy to more useful form

describe a linear path

may be straight (rectilinear) or curved (curvilinear)

what is a projectile

- any object or body that leaves contact with the ground to travel through the air - not all objects that fly through the air will qualify - must only be subjected to the force of gravity & air resistance

what kind of inertia can a body have

static or dynamic

what are the units for work done by a force of 1 kp over a distance of 1 m

kilopond-meter (kpm)

eccentric force

- force whose line of action acts outside the center of rotation of an object - force that produces rotation around an axis (kicking a soccer ball)

torque formula

T = force x moment arm - units: lb.ft, newton meters

lever

any rigid bar which rotates about a center of rotation when a force is applied

2 types of torque in a lever system

- motive torque - resistive torque

motive torque

an eccentrically applied force that attempts to rotate the lever in one direction about the fulcrum

resistive torque

an eccentrically applied force that attempts to rotate the lever in the opposite direction

parts needed to form a lever system

- rigid levers: bones - fulcrum: joints - motive torque: muscles - resistive torque: weight of segment

3 points on lever

- point of application of the force - point of application of the resistance - point of application of the axis of rotation

class I lever

FAR, RAF - seesaw - pry bar - elbow extension with dumbbell behind body - plantar flexion in a non-weight bearing position

class 2 lever

ARF, FRA - wheelbarrow - plantar flexion in a weight-bearing position

class 3 lever

AFR, RFA - paddling a canoe - using shovel to carry rock - bicep curl