Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEURO TX > quiz #2 > Flashcards

quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

necrosis of tissue in CNS results in formation of ____, which is referred to as a lesion

A

scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

progressive CNS conditions
*symptoms & degree of disability increase over time as a result of disease process

A

Parkinson’s & MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

non-progressive CNS conditions
*specific symptoms caused by lesion do not get worse

A

hemiplegia, spinal cord injuries & cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of gait is present with hemiplegia or MS?

A

circumduction gait

(also CP if clt is able to walk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of gait is present with Parkinson’s?

A

festinating gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

spasticity can occur with what type of disorders?

A

hemiplegia, MS, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

loss of inhibition of alpha motor neuron firing, resistance of a limb to passive movement

A

spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

flexor pattern of the upper body

A

-flexion of head & trunk towards affected side
-depression of SH
-retraction of scapula
-int.R & ADD of GH joint
-flexion of elbow
-pronation of forearm
-flexion of wrist
-fingers with thumb ADD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

extensor pattern of the upper body

A

-slight ext of NK & head with trunk bent away from affected side
-scapula retracted
-int.R of GH joint
-elbow rigidly extended
-pronation of forearm
-hand either in flexion forming tight first, or in flexion at PIP & DIP joint
-palm faces backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

flexor pattern of the lower body

A

-ABD, ext.R & flexion of hip
-flexion of knee
-dorsiflexion & inversion of ankle
-flexion of toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

extensor pattern of the lower body

A

-ADD, int.R & extension of hip
-extension of knee
-plantarflexion & inversion of ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

causes person to vigorously extend limbs while arching back, triggered by stimulation or pressure to back of head or trunk

A

extensor thrust pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

can accompany extensor thrust pattern, teeth clenched together with extreme force, most common with head injuries

A

bite reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stiffening of legs in extension or tight flexion, can occur in response to pressure on ball of foot or stretching of plantar surface of foot by dorsiflexing toes

A

positive supporting reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

stimulus to palmar surface of hand can elicit ____ reflex which results in withdrawal of entire arm into a tightly flexed position

A

grasp reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

factors influencing spasticity

A

limb position, emotional state, physical exertion, pain, communication challenges, meeting new people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

resistance to movement in flexion, extension & rotation
commonly present in clients with Parkinson’s

A

rigidity

*can result in painful cramps, pain, numbness, achiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

rigidity - palpated as a uniform resistance throughout the ROM of an affected joint

A

lead pipe rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

rigidity - ratchet-like movement of affected limb, limb moved a short distance through the ROM but movement is interrupted by a tremor

A

cogwheel rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

techniques to reduce spasticity

A

gentle, repetitive stroking, GTO release, rhythmical rocking
*movements never forced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

techniques to reduce rigidity

A

decreasing SNS, swedish techniques followed by heat, slow, passive stretches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CI for a client with MS

A

extreme hydrotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a non-progressive condition of paralysis on one side of the body as a result of a brain lesion

A

hemiplegia

*occurs on one side of body, opposite to side on which lesion has occurred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

stroke that lasts for less than 24 hours is called a…

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

most common causes of strokes which result in hemiplegia

A

cerebral thrombus
cerebral hemorrhage due to aneurysm cerebral embolism

26
Q

hemiplegia that results from a cerebrovascular accident

A

stroke

27
Q

left sided CVA will result in ____-sided hemiplegia and vice versa

A

right

28
Q

immediately after stroke or head trauma, mm on affected side will be weak/ flaccid

this is considered what phase?

A

acute

29
Q

most common pattern in hemiplegia

A

flexor pattern in upper limbs combined with extensor pattern in lower limbs

30
Q

hemiplegic shoulder

A

SH in ADD & int.R combined with retracted scapula due to reflex patterns & spasticity

flaccidity in SH girdle mm & poor positioning of person’s body often result in an inferior subluxation of humerus

31
Q

shoulder-hand syndrome - hemiplegia

A

-decreased ROM of SH & hand, followed by throbbing pain & edema
-elbow remains symptom free
-usually occurs with lesion of premotor cortex

32
Q

if hemiplegic shoulder is present, how should you position the client?

A

scapula pillowed in a protracted position, humerus supported in a slightly superior orientation

33
Q

a condition in which demyelination of the nerve occurs

A

multiple sclerosis (MS)

34
Q

MS - scar tissue, known as ____, develops at the sites of demyelination

A

sclerotic plaques

35
Q

MS lesions are most commonly found where?

A

brain stem, cerebellum, spinal cord

36
Q

two cranial nerves involved in MS

A

optic & trigeminal

37
Q

MS - mild form, few exacerbations followed by complete recovery & client remains asymptomatic

A

benign MS

38
Q

MS - repeated cycles of exacerbation & remission, double vision, slurred speech, numbness & tingling anywhere in body

A

attack-remitting MS

39
Q

two types of attack-remitting MS

A

benign or mild: causes only mild disability when attack subsides

chronic progressive: results in increased symptoms following attacks, in some cases remission periods become less and less frequent & disability increases continuously

40
Q

MS - rapid progression of symptoms & disability, can be fatal within a few years

A

acute progressive MS

41
Q

4 factors involved in the cause of MS

A
  1. genetic
  2. environmental
  3. viral
  4. immunologic
42
Q

symptom picture of MS

A

fatigue, tingling, numbness, blurred vision, slurred speech, spasticity, weakness, tremors, altered gait

43
Q

a term used for motor function disorders that result from damage to the immature brain, non-progressive

A

cerebral palsy

44
Q

when does cerebral palsy occur?

A

perinatal period from half-way through pregnancy to 7 days postpartum and up to 3 years of age

45
Q

causes of cerebral palsy

A

-hypoxia & ischemia
-trauma to/ rupture of cerebral blood vessels
-toxicity & infection

46
Q

4 types of cerebral palsy

A
  1. spastic (increased tone) - most common
  2. athetoid (uncontrolled movement)
  3. ataxic (poor coordination) - least common
  4. mixed (usually spastic & athetoid)
47
Q

cerebral palsy - spasticity

A

-most common
-increases with pain, stress & emotions such as fear & anxiety
-rigidity possible

48
Q

cerebral palsy - athetoid

A

-movements are slow & writhing
-increase with voluntary movement & stop with sleep

49
Q

cerebral palsy - choreiform

A

-movements quick, uncontrolled & without purpose
-do not stop with sleep

50
Q

cerebral palsy - ataxia

A

-lack of coordination & clumsiness of movements
-ataxia in face causes grimacing & sometimes accompanied by intention tremor

51
Q

cerebral palsy - flaccidity

A

-may be present in first year or two
-will then change to spasticity or athetoid movement

52
Q

cerebral palsy - reflex movements

A

-may be early developmental reflexes that would usually disappear as child develops
-affected mm are usually sensitive to stretching

53
Q

whole body Tx considerations for cerebral palsy

A

stand on client’s affected side, techniques applied simultaneously to both sides of body

(with diplegia, focus to integrate affected legs with unaffected arms)

54
Q

monoplegia

A

one arm or leg

55
Q

diplegia

A

usually both legs

56
Q

triplegia

A

three limbs

57
Q

quadriplegia

A

all four limbs

58
Q

hemiplegia

A

arm & leg on one side of body

59
Q

cerebral cortex - stiff muscles (spasticity), associated with damage to or developmental differences in the…

A

cerebral cortex

60
Q

cerebral cortex - uncontrollable movements (dyskinesia), associated with damage to the…

A

basal ganglia

61
Q

cerebral cortex - poor balance and coordination (ataxia), associated with damage to the…

A

cerebellum

62
Q

cerebral cortex - mixed, a combination of two or more types, associated with damage to…

A

multiple areas of the brain

NEURO TX (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions