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NEURO TX > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

flaccidity

A

motor loss

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2
Q

paresis

A

weakness

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3
Q

anesthesia

A

sensory loss

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4
Q

parasthesia

A

sensory impairment

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5
Q

dysesthesia

A

pain

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6
Q

4 causes of peripheral nerve lesions

A

compression
trauma
systemic disorders
systemic edematous conditions

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7
Q

causes of peripheral nerve lesions - compression can happen in two ways…

A

internally (from bony callus, hypertonic mm or tumor)

externally (from crutches or prolonged leaning)

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8
Q

trauma that causes peripheral nerve lesions

A

crushing or severance wounds

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9
Q

systemic disorders causing peripheral nerve lesions

A

leprosy (most common)

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10
Q

systemic edematous conditions causing peripheral nerve lesions

A

pregnancy, hypothyroidism, diabetes, kidney & heart conditions

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11
Q

types of nerve lesions

A

neuropraxia
axonotmesis
neurotmesis

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12
Q

1st degree, compressions of nerve with local conduction block, no structural damage to axon/ tissue distal, block caused by local demyelination of nerve fibers, weeks/ months to recover, loss of motor function but sensory & autonomic fibers unaffected, prognosis good

A

neuropraxia

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13
Q

2nd degree, prolonged severe nerve compression, lesion at compression sight, degeneration of axons distal to injury, sensory & autonomic losses, prognosis good

A

axonotmesis

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14
Q

3rd-5th degree, severance of part of/ all of nerve trunk, degeneration, difficulty regenerating because of scar tissue/ edema/ bleeding, prognosis poor, surgical repair

A

neurotmesis

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15
Q

nerve lesions may be…

A

complete - all fibers affected

incomplete - some fibers affected

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16
Q

healing process - the lesions may be…

A

regenerating - repairing itself

permanent - nerve unable to regrow

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17
Q

peripheral nerve pain can be due to…

A

neuritis
neuralgia
causalgia
RSD

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18
Q

inflammation of nerve, sheath & CT affected, axon NOT affected, constant dull pain, paresthesia, dysesthesia, motor & sensory deficit - pathology / trauma, massage CI’d

A

neuritis

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19
Q

pain syndrome, abnormal sympathetic reflex, arterial spasm, burning pain, edema, mm wasting, osteoporosis may be present

A

reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)

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20
Q

CI’s for hydro in RSD

A

tissue dystrophy or lack of vasomotor control

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21
Q

tumor composed of nerve cells, partial/ complete severance, poorly localized pain, altered sensation

A

neuromas

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22
Q

nerve pain, recurrent attacks or sudden, paroxysmal pain along distributing nerve, “lighting like”, no pathological change, “trigger zone” - trigeminal & intercostal - massage Ci’d in acute

A

neuralgia

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23
Q

AKA tic douloureux, painful tic, CN V, trigger zone may be lips/ face/ tongue, massage over trigger zone CI’d

A

trigeminal neuralgia

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24
Q

affects intercostal nerve - rib springing & massage over trigger zone CI’d

A

intercostal neuralgia

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25
Q

severe pain syndrome, sudden intense burning pain, associated with traumatic injury to peripheral nerve

A

causalgia

26
Q

peripheral nerves have ability to regenerate if axon is damaged, cell body intact

A

Wallerian degeneration

27
Q

regenerating lesions - symptom picture

A

edema, altered tissue health, motor function affected, holding patterns, contractures, pain, scar tissue

28
Q

permanent lesion - symptom picture

A

edema, holding patterns, scar tissue, pain, compensatory changes, disfigurement of limb

29
Q

Ci’s for nerve lesions

A

do not traction limb, no hydro until autonomic & vasomotor control returned, frictions avoided

30
Q

causes of a radial nerve lesion

A

fractures
dislocations
post-surgical complications
compression (“saturday night palsy)
supinator syndrome

31
Q

signs & symptoms of a radial nerve lesion

A

wrist drop

32
Q

mm innervated by the radial nerve

A

triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, supinator, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

33
Q

causes of an ulnar nerve lesion

A

fractures
dislocations
post-surgical complications
compression
repetitive action
direct trauma
pathology

34
Q

signs & symptoms of an ulnar nerve lesion

A

claw hand, Bishop’s hand

35
Q

which special test would be positive with an ulnar lesion?

A

Froment’s sign

36
Q

mm innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, FDP, palmaris brevis, flexor digit minimi, abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, lumbricals 3 & 4, dorsal & palmar interossei, adductor pollicis

37
Q

causes of a median nerve lesion

A

fractures
dislocations
post-surgical complications
compression
trauma

38
Q

signs & symptoms of a median nerve lesion

A

ape hand, oath hand

39
Q

mm innervated by the median nerve

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half), palmaris longus, pronator quadratus, abductor pollicis brevis. flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, 1st & 2nd lumbricals

40
Q

neurological condition involving lesion of facial nerve (CN VII) that causes weakness / paralysis of mm on same side of face

A

Bell’s Palsy

41
Q

signs & symptoms of Bells’ Palsy

A

-unilateral weakness
-flaccid paralysis of mm of facial expression
-unable to open/ close eye
-inability to flare nostrils, raise corners of mouth, whistle, pucker
-loss of control of lacrimation
-loss of taste to anterior 2/3 tongue

42
Q

differentiating stroke from Bell’s Palsy

A

stroke: upper 1/3 of face not affected

43
Q

Tx for bell’s Palsy

A

unaffected side: pressure toward affected site, lateral to midline of face

affected side: strokes from midline on face to lateral (toward lesion site)
*no fascial techniques

44
Q

rapidly progressing inflammatory disease resulting in demyelination of peripheral nerves

A

Guillian-Barre syndrome

45
Q

causes of Guillian-Barre syndrome

A

cause unknown, may be related to autoimmune response by viral infection or immunization (covid vaccine)

46
Q

signs & symptoms of Guillian-Barre syndrome

A

begins as tingling in hands & feet, mm weakness (within 24-72hrs)

47
Q

mm innervated by the sciatic nerve

A

hamstrings: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of biceps femoris (tibial), short head of biceps femoris (peroneal), ½ of adductor magnus

48
Q

mm innervated by the tibial nerve

A

gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, intrinsic foot muscles:, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis, lumbricals, interossei

49
Q

mm innervated by the peroneal nerve

A

extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis

50
Q

causes of a sciatic nerve lesion

A

fractures
dislocations
iatrogenic reactions
compression from internal/ external sources
trauma

51
Q

signs & symptoms of a sciatic nerve lesion

A

foot drop
-person must lift leg to walk = STEPPAGE GATE

52
Q

signs & symptoms of a tibial nerve lesion

A

claw toe

53
Q

which condition presents with Horner’s syndrome?

A

Klumpke’s paralysis

54
Q

traction or compression injury involving lower brachial plexus (C8/T1 nerve roots) - results in a combination of median & ulnar nerve lesion

A

Klumpke’s paralysis

55
Q

symptom picture of Klumpke’s paralysis

A

claw hand deformity

56
Q

presentation of arm & hand called “waiter’s tip” deformity with shoulder adducted & internally rotated, elbow extended, forearm pronated, & wrist and fingers flexed

A

Erb’s palsy

57
Q

ULTT - median nerve, anterior interosseous nerve

A

ULTT 1

58
Q

ULTT - median nerve, musculocutaneous, axillary nerve

A

ULTT 2

59
Q

ULTT - radial nerve

A

ULTT 3

60
Q

ULTT - ulnar nerve

A

ULTT 4

NEURO TX (8 decks)

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