Quiz 2

Question 1

What is insemination?

Answer 1

The process of introducing sperm into the reproductive system to facilitate fertilization

Question 2

What is In Vitro Fertilization with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF with ICSI)?

Answer 2

Person undergoing treatment gets hormonal stimulation to produce eggs. Mature eggs are retrieved from ovaries. A single sperm is injected into a mature egg using ICSI. Fertilized eggs are cultured and then placed into the uterus

Question 3

What is Intracervical Insemination

Answer 3

Sperm is collected and prepped similar to artificial insemination. Sperm is introduced to the cervix using a syringe or applicator

Question 4

What is donor insemination?

Answer 4

Sperm from a donor is used for insemination. Sperm is introduced to reproductive system using artificial insemination

Question 5

What are the prenatal stages?

Answer 5

Germinal stage (0-14 days)

Embryonic stage (week 2-8)

Fetal stage (week 9-38)

Question 6

What is the germinal stage?

Answer 6

Ovulation to implantation

Question 7

What is the embryonic stage?

Answer 7

After the blastocyst hollows out, the cells differentiate into the embryo and the placenta, which are connected by the umbilical cord. Cells in the embryo will begin to differentiate into essential systems of the body

Question 8

What are teratogens?

Answer 8

Any substance an embryo may be exposed to that can have a negative affect on it’s development

Question 9

What is the fetal stage?

Answer 9

Embryo uses this time to fully develop its systems. Human features develop. Baby moves around during this time.

Question 10

What is the difference between miscarriage and still birth?

Answer 10

Miscarriage is before 20th week and stillbirth is after. The still birth is after the 20th week. Miscarriage is often the result of chromosomal problems. Still births are often the result of complications in pregnancy

Question 11

When do initial doctors visits take place and what is their purpose?

Answer 11

Week 6-8

Confirming pregnancy, accessing overall health and establishing baseline for future monitoring. May include a physical exam, blood tests and discussion about lifestyle changes

Question 12

When does the follow up visit take place and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 12

Week 10-12

Monitoring the progress of the pregnancy, addressing additional concerns. Performing additional tests if necessary.

Question 13

When do routine prenatal visits take place, how often do they take place and what is their purpose?

Answer 13

Week 14-28

Every 4 weeks

Checking baby and parent health, monitoring growth, addressing any questions or concerns. Around 20 weeks an anatomy ultrasound may be performed

Question 14

What happens at week 28-36?

Answer 14

Visits will increase to every 2-3 weeks. Doctor will monitor baby’s position, access parent health and discuss birth plans. Testing for gestational diabetes may take place.

Question 15

When does the weekly prenatal visit occur and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 15

Week 36-birth

Closely monitoring baby and parent health. Checking for signs of labor. Discussing last minute preparations for birth

Question 16

What is the post-partum doctors visit?

Answer 16

6 weeks after birth. Parent and baby go for check-up

Question 17

What are inheritable traits?

Answer 17

Characteristics past from parents to their child. Encoded in DNA and given to baby at fertilization. Determined by genes

Question 18

What are alleles?

Answer 18

The different forms genes exist in. An individual inherits one allele from each parent for each gene that they possess

Question 18

How is the expression of different traits determined?

Answer 18

By the combination of alleles. Dominant alleles will be expressed, even if present in only one copy. Recessive alleles require multiple copies to be expressed

Question 19

What is a genotype?

Answer 19

The genetic makeup of a person, including their alleles.

Question 20

What is a phenotype?

Answer 20

The observable expression of a genotype

Question 21

What is monozygotic?

Answer 21

One zygote (identical twins)

Question 22

What is dizygotic?

Answer 22

Two zygotes (fraternal twins)

Question 23

What does multiple births mean?

Answer 23

Delivering of more than one baby from a single pregnancy

Question 24

How are fraternal and identical twins different?

Answer 24

Fraternal twins: Two sperm fertilized two eggs. Do not share the same genetic information

Identical twins: Single fertilized egg divides into 2 embryos. Will be the same sex and share the same genetic information

Question 25

What is the most common method of childbirth?

Answer 25

Spontaneous vaginal birth. Baby is delivered through the parent’s vagina with or without assistance to aid the progress of labor

Question 26

What is a ceaseran section?

Answer 26

Surgical procedure with incision made inside the parent’s abdomen and uterus to deliver baby. Performed when vaginal delivery is deemed unsafe or there are complications in labor

Question 27

What is a water birth?

Answer 27

Birth that takes place in water (birthing pool or tube filled with warm water)

Question 28

What is a home birth?

Answer 28

Birth that takes place at home with the help of a qualified midwife or medical professional. Takes place with low risk pregnancies

Question 29

When does labor typically start?

Answer 29

Two weeks before or after the estimated due date.

Question 30

What are the signs of labor?

Answer 30

Bloody show, contractions, rupture of the amniotic sac (water breaking). If someone doesn’t go into labor within a few hours of their amniotic sac rupturing, they will be induced.

Question 31

What is labor?

Answer 31

A series of progressive contractions of the uterus that help the cervix to dilate (open) and efface (thin). This allows the fetus to move through the birth canal

Question 32

What are contractions?

Answer 32

The shortening of the uterine muscles occurring in intervals before, during and after birth.

Question 33

What are the three stages of labor?

Answer 33

Stage one: Prepping for labor. Divided into the latent phase and active phase.
Latent phase: Longest and least intense portion of labor. Cervix dilates 3-4 cm and things
Active phase: Cervix dilates 4-10 cm and contractions intensify
Stage Two: Often referred to as the pushing stage. Cervix is fully opened and at the end of this stage, the baby will be delivered. May take between 30 minutes and 3 hours
Stage Three: Delivering of the placenta. May take up to 30 minutes

Question 34

When is induction initiated?

Answer 34

After 39 weeks of pregnancy (unless there are problems beforehand)

Question 35

What are the most common reasons for induction?

Answer 35

Parent or fetus are at risk due to complications, parent has pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, or chronic high blood pressure, fetus has been diagnosed with poor growth

Question 36

What are ways which labor may be induced?

Answer 36

Inserting vaginal suppositories or inserting an IV infusion to stimulate contractions. Rupturing the amniotic sac

Question 37

What is APGAR?

Answer 37

Appearance (0=pale/blue, 1=correct skin color for race, with blue on hands/feet, 2=correct skin color for race)
Pulse (0=no pulse, 1=under 100 BPM, 2=over 100 BPM)
Grimace (0=no response to stimulation, 1=grimace but no cry, 2=cry and active movement)
Activity (0=no flexion, 1=some flexion in the arms and feet, 2=arms and feet fully flexed)
Respiratory (0=no crying, 1=weak/irregular cry, 2=strong, regular cry)

Question 38

When is APGAR performed and what treatments go along with it?

Answer 38

Performed one minute and five minutes after birth. If baby scores 6 or less, performed again 10 minutes after birth.

If score 0-3: full resuscitation. If score 4-6: some resuscitation. If score 7-10: routine post delivery care