quiz 2

Question 1

what is epistatis

Answer 1

a circumstance in which the expression of one gene is affected by the expression of one or more independently inherited genes

Question 2

what are the sex chromosomes of a female and of a male

Answer 2

male xy
female xx

Question 3

how are the genes on the sex chromosomes called

Answer 3

sex linked genes

Question 4

how many base pairs are on a x chromosome

Answer 4

153 million

Question 5

how many base pairs are on a y chromosome

Answer 5

50 million

Question 6

what is autosomal dominant 1

Answer 6

the allele for the trait is dominant and is carried on an autosome

Question 7

what is autosomal recessive 2

Answer 7

the allele for the trait is recessive and is carried on an autosome

Question 8

what is x linked dominant 3

Answer 8

the allele for the trait is dominant and is carried on the X chromosome

Question 9

what is x linked recessive 4

Answer 9

the allele for the trait is recessive and is carried on the x chromosome

Question 10

what is transcription

Answer 10

processus of converting dna to rna

Question 11

what is translation

Answer 11

the process of converting rna to protein

Question 12

what is specific to the mrna of prokaryotes

Answer 12

their mRNA is immediately available for translation

Question 13

what is specific about the pre-mRNA of eukaryotes

Answer 13

it has to be processed in order to do translation

Question 14

what’s a genetic code

Answer 14

a 3 letter code

Question 15

how is a 3 letter code called

Answer 15

a codon

Question 16

what is the start of every protein

Answer 16

methionine AUG

Question 17

what is the end of every protein

Answer 17

one of the three stop codons
UAA
UAG
UGA

Question 18

what is the orientation of an mRNA molecule

Answer 18

from 5’ to 3’

Question 19

what is the strand used to encode the mRNA called

Answer 19

the template strand and its from 3’ to 5’

Question 20

what are somatic mutations

Answer 20

occur in nongermline tissus
cannot be inherited
acquired mutations
ex tumors

Question 21

what are germline mutations

Answer 21

present is egg or sperm
can be inherited
cause cancer family syndrome

Question 22

what does snp mean

Answer 22

single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 23

what are the three types of base substitution

Answer 23

1: missense mutation
-alter the identity of one amino acid
-do not change the reading frame
-moderate the deleterious effects on the protein
2: nonsense mutation
-generates an early stop codon
-create a truncated protein-has big effects on function of protein
3: silent mutation
-generates no change
-makes an identical protein and has no effect on it

Question 24

what is a frameshift mutation

Answer 24

-an insertion or deletion that changes the reading frame
-changes the remainder of the protein