quiz 2 Flashcards
what is epistatis
a circumstance in which the expression of one gene is affected by the expression of one or more independently inherited genes
what are the sex chromosomes of a female and of a male
male xy
female xx
how are the genes on the sex chromosomes called
sex linked genes
how many base pairs are on a x chromosome
153 million
how many base pairs are on a y chromosome
50 million
what is autosomal dominant 1
the allele for the trait is dominant and is carried on an autosome
what is autosomal recessive 2
the allele for the trait is recessive and is carried on an autosome
what is x linked dominant 3
the allele for the trait is dominant and is carried on the X chromosome
what is x linked recessive 4
the allele for the trait is recessive and is carried on the x chromosome
what is transcription
processus of converting dna to rna
what is translation
the process of converting rna to protein
what is specific to the mrna of prokaryotes
their mRNA is immediately available for translation
what is specific about the pre-mRNA of eukaryotes
it has to be processed in order to do translation
what’s a genetic code
a 3 letter code
how is a 3 letter code called
a codon
what is the start of every protein
methionine AUG
what is the end of every protein
one of the three stop codons
UAA
UAG
UGA
what is the orientation of an mRNA molecule
from 5’ to 3’
what is the strand used to encode the mRNA called
the template strand and its from 3’ to 5’
what are somatic mutations
occur in nongermline tissus
cannot be inherited
acquired mutations
ex tumors
what are germline mutations
present is egg or sperm
can be inherited
cause cancer family syndrome
what does snp mean
single nucleotide polymorphism
what are the three types of base substitution
1: missense mutation
-alter the identity of one amino acid
-do not change the reading frame
-moderate the deleterious effects on the protein
2: nonsense mutation
-generates an early stop codon
-create a truncated protein-has big effects on function of protein
3: silent mutation
-generates no change
-makes an identical protein and has no effect on it
what is a frameshift mutation
-an insertion or deletion that changes the reading frame
-changes the remainder of the protein
