quiz 2 Flashcards
underclass theory
A theory suggesting that marginalized populations turn to gangs due to lack of legitimate opportunities.
displacement
Crime moving from one area to another due to law enforcement interventions.
strain theory
A theory stating that individuals join gangs to achieve goals they can’t access through legitimate means.
contagion effect
The spread of gang violence through mimicry or retaliation in connected communities
gang socialization
The process through which individuals learn the norms and values of gang culture.
subculture of violence
A cultural setting where violence is seen as a legitimate means of conflict resolution.
pull factors
Aspects of gang life that attract new members, such as protection, income, or status.
informal social control
Non-official community-based mechanisms, like families or peers, that regulate behavior and deter crime
push factors
Conditions that drive individuals into gangs, like poverty, abuse, or family breakdown.
labeling theory
The idea that being labeled as a gang member can reinforce criminal identity and behavior.
hyper-surveillance
The heightened observation and monitoring of communities believed to have high gang activity
territoriality
The control of geographic areas by gangs to exert dominance and protect their interests.
collective efficacy
A community’s ability to regulate behavior and create social cohesion, reducing gang activity.
gang hierarchy
The internal structure of authority within a gang, often with clear roles and leadership positions
selective law enforcement
Police practices that target specific gangs or areas while neglecting others, often criticized for bias.
ethnic gangs
Gangs formed around shared ethnic identities, often with cultural or community ties.
gang migration
The movement of gang members or entire gangs to new areas, often spreading gang culture and activities.
fringe members
Individuals who are loosely affiliated with gangs but may not participate in core criminal activities.
symbolic interactionism
A theory explaining gang identity as shaped through interactions and symbols like graffiti or tattoos
social strain
The pressure individuals feel from economic inequality, leading some to join gangs for financial gain.
