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Fall 2024: Integumentary Systems > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some tissue types you may see in a wound bed? Give a description

A
  1. Slough - yellow, clumpy
  2. Granulation - pink/red, wet
  3. Epithelial - shiny, new pink tissue
  4. Necrotic (eschar) - black, leathery, firmly adhered to the wound
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2
Q

T or F? A wound with slough tissue is always infected?

A

False

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3
Q

Which types of exudate are normal? which are abnormal and possibly infected?

A

Normal:
- Serous (clear/thin)
- Serosanguineous (red/pink/watery)
- Sanguineous (red/thin/watery)

Abnormal/Infection:
- Purulent (yellow/thick)
- Seropurulent (watery/cloudy/yellow)
- Pseudomonas (blue/green)

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4
Q

What are the 3 lines of defense from pathogens?

A

1.) Surface/skin barrier
2.) Cellular and chemical defenses (immune cells and inflammatory response)
3.) Specific defense (lymphocytes and antibodies)

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5
Q

What are the 4 levels of infection?

A

1.) Contamination (microbes on the surface… normal)
2.) Colonization (replicating microbes on surface… normal)
3.) Critical colonization (microbes on surface begin to delay wound healing… abnormal)
4.) Infection (replicating microbes invade body tissues and decline wound status… normal)

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6
Q

What does “impregnated” refer to in terms of wound healing?

A

The process in which substances are embedded within the skin

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7
Q

What are the signs of inflammation?

A

Redness (erythema), edema, heat, loss of function, pain

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8
Q

What are the signs of infection?

A
  • Exact same as the inflammation signs, but excessive
  • Thick, smelly, green/blue, copious (a lot of) exudate
  • Decline in wound status despite appropriate care
  • Systemic symptoms like fever and nausea
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9
Q

What are some of the primary purposes of wound dressings?

A
  • Protect from injury
  • Provide a moist, warm environment (ideal for wound healing)
  • Manage drainage
  • Gas exchange
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10
Q

Describe the pulse ratings

A

0: No pulse
1: Thready pulse (barely there)
2: Weak pulse
3: Normal pulse
4: Pounding/racing pulse

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11
Q

Differentiate between undermining and tunneling

A

Undermining: Destruction of tissue under the wound edges so the wound is actually bigger than what you can see from the surface

Tunneling: A separation of fascial layers under the skin forming a tunnel deep in an area of a wound

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12
Q

What percent decrease in wound surface area within 2-4 weeks signifies good indication
of wound healing
a. 10-20%
b. 20-40%
c. 40-60%
d. 50-70%

A

b. 20-40%

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13
Q

A micro-organism is multiplying to the extent that it is impairing wound healing and wound bioburden, what level of infection is it at
a. Contamination
b. Colonization
c. Critical colonization
d. Infection

A

c. Critical colonization

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14
Q

What is a silent infection?

A

An infection that does not have noticeable symptoms/signs making it tough to detect

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15
Q

Which patient population are susceptible to silent infections?

A

The immunocompromised and individuals with inadequate perfusion (restricted blood flow)

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16
Q

What is the difference between inflammed tissue and infected tissue?

A

Inflammed tissue has well defined borders while infected tissue does not

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17
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing a wound infection?

A

Tissue biopsy

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18
Q

A patient needs to get an MRI but has a wound with an antimicrobial silver dressing on, how should they proceed?

A

Remove the dressing before the MRI (silver is metal and cannot go in an MRI)

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19
Q

A patient has MRSA, should you use standard or universal precautions?

A

Standard (contact precautions: gown and gloves)

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20
Q

How long is saline good for once it is opened?

A

24 hours

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21
Q

What type of environment is ideal for wound healing?

A

Moist and warm environment

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22
Q

Describe the edema scale ratings

A

1+ : Indentation is barely visible
2+ : Slight indentation with depression, returns to normal within 15 seconds
3+ : Deeper indentation when pressed, returns to normal in 15-30 seconds
4+ Indentations that last longer than 30 seconds

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23
Q

What is undermining?

A

Area of destruction under wound edges

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24
Q

What is tunneling?

A

A passageway of tissue destruction under the skin surface (can turn into sinus tract)

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25
Q

What is a sinus tract?

A

A cavity or channel underlying a wound that allows fluid to drain to the wound surface (greater risk for an infection)

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26
Q

What is an abscess?

A

A buildup of pus in or on the skin

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27
Q

What is a fistula?

A

An abnormal opening or passage between two organs or between an organ and surface of the body

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28
Q

List and describe the 6 different exudates

A

Sanguineous: blood
Serosanguineous: blood/water
Serous: clear thin
Purulent: Yellow, tan, green, thick
Seropurulent: Cloudy yellow tan, thin watery
Pseudomonas: blue/green drainage

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29
Q

What is the “TACO” method to determing a wound’s status

A

T - Type
A - Amount
C - Color
O - Odor

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30
Q

List the 6 types of exudate and differentiate whether they’re normal or infected

A

Normal: Serous, Sanguineous, Serosanguineous

Possible infection: Purulent, Seropurulent, Pseudomonas

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31
Q

T or F? Thin exudate is typically normal, thick indicates possible infection

A

True

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32
Q

What are the 3 types of moisture associated skin damage?

A

Intertrigo: Inflammation in skin folds related to perspiration, friction, and bacterial/fungal bioburden

Periwound Maceration: Skin breakdown from fluid

IAD: Urine, stool, containment device, secondary cutaneous infection

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33
Q

How long after a scar closes is it able to change/adapt?

A

As long as the scar is pink and it blanches

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34
Q

How do you measure a wound?

A

Length x Width

and measure deepest point of wound

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35
Q

What is hemosiderosis?

A

A rupture of blood vessels around a wound (primarily seen in venous wounds and some pressure ulcers)

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36
Q

What is an ecchymosis?

A

Discoloration underneath the skin caused by trauma (necrosis can occur if not absorbed in timely manner)

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37
Q

Describe the Arterial Brachial Index (ABI)

A

Vessel calcification, falsely elevated: >1.1-1.3

Normal: .9 - 1.1

Mild to moderate arterial disease: .7-.9

Moderate arterial disease: .5 - .7

Severe arterial occlusive disease: <.50

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38
Q

What are 4 things to look for in a scar?

A
  • Color
  • Hypertrophic
  • Keloid
  • Hyper-kerototic
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39
Q

What are the 5 circulation tests?

A
  • Rubor of dependency
  • Capillary refill test
  • Venous refill time
  • DVT testing
  • Homan’s test
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40
Q

What is a good indicator of wound healing

A

20-40% decrease in wound surface area within 2-4 weeks

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41
Q

What are some poor indicators of wound healing?

A
  • No decrease in size or signs of improvement within 2 weeks
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42
Q

What are some factors that increase the risk of infection?

A
  • Immunocompromised
  • Diabetes
  • Steroid use
  • Age
  • Chronic wounds
  • Malnutrition
  • Obesity
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43
Q

What are some signs of infection?

A
  • Change in wound drainage
  • Edema
  • Warmth
  • Redness
  • Increased pain
  • Fever
  • Nausea
  • WBC elevation
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44
Q

List 5 signs of critical colonization

A
  • Failure to show signs of
    healing after 4 weeks (with
    proper/appropriate care)
    – Increase exudate
    – Friable granulation tissue
    – Increase or continued
    presence of necrotic tissue
    – Wound odor

If patient has 3 or more, he/she has critically colonized wound (73% sensitivity, 81% specificity)

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45
Q

Differentiate between inflamed and infected drainage

A

Inflamed: Proportionate to size of wound, thin consistency, serous or serosanguinous

Infected: Disproportionate to size of wound, thick purulent consistency, may have odor

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46
Q

How does the healing process differ between an inflamed and infected wound?

A

Inflamed: Follows 3 phases but at a slower rate

Infected: Plateau in healing, decreased granulation tissue (and cobble like)

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47
Q

T or F? you should monitor patient’s with PAD closely due to their increased risk of silent infection

A

True

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48
Q

What are the two types of fungal infection? describe into further depth

A

Candida and tinea

  • common with long term antibiotic use
  • common in individual’s with moist areas of skin (between toes, etc.)
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49
Q

Which topical medications are used for fungal infection?

A

Nyastin, Oxiconazole Nitrate, Miconazole

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50
Q

Who is at risk for nosocomial (hospital spread) infection? community acquired?

A

Nosocomial
- Increased age
- Diabetes
- Immunosuppression
- Malnutrition
- Large burns
- Recent surgery

Community Acquired
- Prisons
- Contact sports teams
- Military
- People dx with AIDS

51
Q

T or F? VRE is commonly seen in surgical wounds and UTIs

A

True

52
Q

Examples of antimicrobial therapy includes

A
  • Antibacterial agents
  • Antifungal
  • Dressing impregnated with antimicrobials
53
Q

Examples of topical antimicrobial therapy includes

A
  • Bacitracin
  • Neomycin
  • Triple antibiotic ointment
54
Q

List some antiseptic agents

A
  • Chloramine
  • Acetic Acid
  • Hibiclens
  • Dakins
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Betadine
55
Q

List some antiseptics for wound healing

A
  • Silver
  • Iodine
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Polyhexamethylbiguande (PMHB)
  • Honey
  • Acetic Acid
  • Potassium Permanganate
56
Q

Describe silver as an antimicrobial application

A
  • Used as a short term intervention to assist with infection control
  • Do not moisten with saline (could deactivate the silver)
  • Can’t use with estim (unless cleaned thoroughly)
  • Remove from wound before MRI
  • use sparingly (for 2 weeks then stop)

Nanocrystaline: effective against MRSA and VRE

57
Q

Describe Iodine as an antimicrobial application

A
  • Comes in the form of brown powder, paste, or dressing
  • It should reduce odor, slough tissue, pain while increasing granulation tissue and decreasing the size of the wound
  • Should not be used very often
58
Q

Describe honey as an antimicrobial application

A
  • Has acidic properties
  • No resistance buildup
  • Painless
59
Q

Describe sodium chloride “salt” products as an antimicrobial application

A
  • Can be used in a hypertonic saline solution/dressing form
  • Can be used as a hyperosmolar solution
    —- May cause excessive fluid removal
    —- Do not use on dry wounds
    —- Can sting on superficial wounds

Ex: Hypergel and Mesalt gauze

60
Q

What are 5 ways a clinican can prevent infection?

A
  • Hand washing
  • Universal precautions
  • Standard precautions
  • Sterile and clean techniques
  • Transmission-based precautions
61
Q

What are 3 ways infection can be transmitted?

A
  • Airborne
  • Droplet
  • Contact
62
Q

Differentiate between universal precautions and standard precautions

A

Universal Precautions:
- All blood/fluid is managed as if it is contaminated

Standard Precautions:
- Handwashing
- PPE
- Contact isolation procedures should be followed (if patient has MRSA or VRE wound infection)
- Used for airborne of droplet transmission infections

63
Q

Differentiate between clean and sterile technique

A

Clean Technique:
- Not required to change gloves between different ulcers (but treat the worse one last)
- Can use “clean drinking water” rather than saline
- Must use “sterile” dressings

Sterile Technique:
- ONLY STERILE EQUIPMENT/GLOVES MAKE CONTACT W/WOUND
- Used for exposed bone, tendon, organs, severe burns, immunocompromised patient
- Use saline rather than water

64
Q

How long is saline good for once opened?

A

24 hours maximum

65
Q

Explain the infection control procedure

A
  1. Hand washing (20 seconds)
  2. Protect supplies from environment
  3. Minimize touching the dressings
  4. Change gloves and wash hands after removing old dressings
  5. Minimize wound/cross infection
  6. Red bags (used for infectious waste)
  7. Sharp containers (for used needles, scalpels, blades)
  8. Saline (if needed)
66
Q

What are the primary functions of dressings?

A
  • Protect wound from injury and infection
  • Provide a warm/moist environment
  • Allows for gas exchange
  • Manages drainage
  • Provide thermal insulation
  • Can control edema
  • Promote/enhance wound healing
67
Q

T or F? Moist environments allow wounds to heal 3-5x faster, facilitate all 3 phases of wound healing, traps endogenous enzymes to facilitate autolytic debridement

A

True

(And results in more cosmetically appealing scar)

68
Q

What could happen if a wound is too moist? dry?

A

Too moist:
- Maceration
- Additional skin damage/ulcer
- Increased chance of infection

Too dry:
- Crust formation
- Lacks enzymes/growth factors

69
Q

What is a primary layer dressing?

A

The first layer, also known as “contact layer”, and makes direct contact with wound

Ex: Band-Aid or gauze

70
Q

What is a secondary layer dressing?

A

The second layer that is placed over the primary layer

  • can provide protection, absorption, occlusion
71
Q

Describe Gauze/Fiber dressings

A

Primary or secondary dressing

Uses: Packing, frequent dressing changes (especially when there is high exudate)

Limitations: Highly permeable, frequent changes, higher infection rate, could leave “lint”

  • Can be sterile or non-sterile
  • Acts as primary or secondary dressing
  • Should be applied at an angle when used as a secondary dressing
72
Q

Describe impregnated gauze dressings

A

Primary or secondary dressing

Gauze that contains other materials (zinc, petroleum, hydrogel, sodium chloride, iodine, saline)

Uses: Burns, epithelializing and granulating wounds, deep wounds, painful wounds, slough/infected wounds, dry wounds

Limitations: Minimal absorption, requires a secondary dressing

73
Q

Describe occlusive dressings (moisture retentive)

A

Primary or secondary dressing

Traps wound fluid (good for autolytic debridement), maintains normal body temp, allows for cell migration, fewer dressing changes

  • Should NOT be used with infected wounds
  • Should not be used with arterial wounds

Benefits:
- comfortable
- various size/shapes
- can provide thermal insulation

74
Q

T or F? Immunocompromised patients may require more frequent dressing changes

A

True

75
Q

List dressings from Occlusive/Impermeable to Nonocclusive/Permeable

A
  1. Latex
  2. Hydrocolloids
  3. Hydrogels
  4. Semipermeable foam
  5. Semipermeable film
  6. Impregnated gauze
  7. Calcium Alginates
  8. Gauze (fine weave)
  9. Gauze (loose weave)
76
Q

Describe transparent/semi-permeable film dressings

A

Secondary dressing

Benefits: Moisture, autolytic debridement, waterproof, can actually see the wound, permeable to water vapor, impermeable to bacteria and water

Uses: Skin tears, friction abrasions, stage 1 or 2 ulcers, simple wounds

Limitations: Cannot use with highly exudation wounds, can injure peri-wound area

Note:
- Should be discontinued if wound becomes clinically infected
- should not be used on infected wounds, wounds with heavy drainage, patients with fragile skin

77
Q

Describe foam and semi-permeable foam dressings

A

Primary or secondary dressing

Benefits: Moisture retentive, autolytic debridement, thermal insulation, permeable to gas but not bacteria, provides moist environment, moderate/high absorbency

Uses: Minor burns, skin grafts, pressure ulcers, venous/diabetic ulcers

Limitations: Not used for dry wounds (would need to add moisture), adhesive can injure peri-wound area (some foams have adhesive, some do not)

Note: can be in place for 5-7 days (or till exudate saturates the edge

78
Q

Describe hydrogel dressings

A

Primary dressing

30-90% water based

Benefits: Moisture retentive, autolytic debridement, decrease pressure, EXCELLENT for dry wounds

Uses: Minimal exudating wounds, pressure ulcers stage 2-4, blisters, skin tears, minor burns

Limitations: Not good for large amounts of exudate

79
Q

Describe Sheet Hydrogel dressings

A
  • Should not use on mod/heavy draining or infected wounds
  • Absorbs fluid slowly and minimally
  • Might need to be sealed to protect periwound
80
Q

Describe Hydrocolloid dressings

A

Primary or secondary dressing

Contains gel forming polymers, and adhesive

Benefits: Moisture retentive, autolytic debridement, thermal insulation, decrease friction, forms to body shape, min/mod absorption

Uses: Pressure ulcers, burns, venous ulcers, dry wounds

Limitations: Potential for hypergranulation, injure periwound, gel may be mistaken for purulent drainage

Contraindications: Bleeding, heavy drainage wounds, dry wounds, arterial ulcers, infected wounds, 3rd degree burns, wounds with exposed structures, patients with poor skin integrity

Note: Should be changed every 5-7 days

81
Q

Describe Hydro-actives and Super-absorbent polymer dressings

A

Absorbs more fluid rather than trapping it like foams/hydrocolloids do

Benefits: Highly absorbent, can be used under compression dressings, leaves no residue

Not to be used on clinically infected wounds

Must be changed every 7 days, exudate dependent

82
Q

Describe alginate dressings

A

Primary dressing

Benefits: Autolytic debridement, highly absorbent, can be used on infected wounds, provides moist environment,

Uses: Highly exudating wounds, venous ulcers, tunneling wounds, pressure ulcers

Limitations: Not for dry wounds or exposed structures

Contraindications: full thickness burns, dry wounds

Must be changed every 7 days (should be changed daily if infected)

Note: “Hydroactivates” are similar to alginates in regard to absorption but are made of polymer

83
Q

List some dressings that are good for moisture and exudate

A
  • Alginates
  • Hydro-active dressings
  • Semipermeable foams
  • Hydrocolloids
  • Hydrogels
  • Semipermeable films
  • Gauze
  • Non-adherent gauze
84
Q

Define “synthetic wound dressing”

A

A type of dressing that covers the wound, absorbs exudate, and mainatins a moist environment

85
Q

Why is too much exudate a bad thing?

A

Slows down collagen synthesis and granulation, increases bacterial bio-burden, less chance of periwound damage, provides a moist environment (but not wet)

86
Q

Describe Biosynthetic and Biological dressings (differentiate between collagen and growth factor forms)

A
  • Tissue from animal or human sources
  • Semi-permeable to O2 (allows vapor loss)

Uses: Freshly debrided wounds, chronic wounds

Collagens:
- stimulate fibroblast activity
- used for surgical wounds, burns
- can be used with other topical agents
- Not for necrotic or infected wounds

Growth factors:
- Limited to chronic wounds that did not benefit from traditional intervention
- Requires MD order

87
Q

T or F? Charcoal helps with wound odor

A

True

88
Q

How do primary dressings stay on/in a wound?

A

With the use of a secondary dressing (unless the primary has adhesive)

  • Tape
  • Stretch net
  • Stretch bandage
89
Q

List some skin sealants

A

Wipes or spray (for use on skin that is intact)

90
Q

List some moisture barriers

A
  • Ointments or creams
  • Prevents perineal rashes
  • Can apply to macerated skin
91
Q

Describe the infected wound procedure. List some effective dressings

A
  • Should avoid occlusive dressings
  • Re-bandage daily
  • Manage exudate properly

Good options for infected wounds:
- Gauze or impregnated gauze
- Alginate (if exudate is heavy)
- Semipermeable foam with antimicrobial
- Silver or iodine

92
Q

What should you do if a wound is draining vs non-draining?

A

Draining:
- Absorb moisture
- Protect wound from maceration

Non-draining:
- Provide moisture
- Prevent evaporative fluid loss

93
Q

When making clinical decisions in regard to wound care, what should you consider?

A

Is the wound…
- Draining or not draining
- Granular, non-draining
- Granular, draining
- Necrotic, non-draining
- Necrotic, draining

94
Q

How would you handle a granular, non draining wound?

A

Goals: Protect periwound area, maintain moist environment

Dressing options:
- Gauze (with topical agent to keep wound moist)
- Impregnated gauze with moisture properties)
- Transparent film (with topical agent underneath)
- Hydrogel (hydrocolloid or foam)

95
Q

How would you handle a granular, draining wound?

A

Goals: Observe for infection, absorb exudate, protect peri-wound area

Dressing options:
- Gauze
- Alginate/hydrofibers
- Hydroactives
- Semipermeable foam
- Hydrocolloid (if wound is not infected)
- Impregnated gauze (that has absorption properties such as mesalt… aka sodium chloride)

96
Q

How would you handle a necrotic, non draining wound?

A

Goals: Soften and remove eschar, mositen environment, protect periwound

Dressing options:
- Gauze (with topical agent)
- Impregnated gauze
- Transparent film
- Hydrogel (hydrocolloid)

97
Q

How would you handle a necrotic, draining wound?

A

Goals: Observe for infection, absorb exudate and remove eschar, protect periwound

Dressing options:
- Gauze
- Alginate/hydrofiber
- Hydroactive
- Semipermeable foam
- Hydrocolloid (if wound is not infected)
- Impregnated gauze (that has absorption properties such as mesalt… aka sodium chloride)

98
Q

If a wound is infected, how often should it be checked on?

A

Daily

99
Q

If a wound is not infected, what would considered an optimal dressing?

A
  • Moisture retentive dressings (with less frequent dressing changes)
100
Q

T of F? There are gentle and aggressive cleansers

A

True

101
Q

T or F? Severely infected wounds may benefit from low % solutions for 1-3 days (used to kill large amount of bacteria)

A

True

102
Q

What is the ratio of acetic acid with water for aggressive wound cleansing?

A

Acetic Acid to Water 1:3

103
Q

T or F? Arterial wounds should stay dry

A

True

104
Q

What is “debridement”? Differentiate between selective and non-selective debridement

A

The removal of dead/damaged tissue

Selective Debridement:
- The removal of devitalized tissue from a wound using techniques in which the provider HAS CONTROL over which tissue is and is not removed a wound (ex: surgical intervention, enzymatic, autolytic, sharp)

Non-Selective Debridement:
- The removal of all tissue (ex: using dakin’s solution, hydrogen peroxide, wet to dry dressings, whirlpool)

105
Q

What is the purpose of a debridement?

A
  • Decreases bacterial concentration within the wound bed
  • Increase the effectiveness of topical antimicrobials
  • Shorten the inflammatory phase
  • Decreases wound odor
106
Q

What are some indications for debridement?

A
  • Necrotic tissue, foreign material
  • Removal of calluses (sharp debridement only)
  • Large quantity of dead/devitalized tissue
107
Q

What are some contraindications for debridement?

A
  • Red, granular wounds
  • Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD)
108
Q

Which wounds require surgical debridement?

A
  • Gangrene tissue / osteomyelitis
  • Large pressure ulcers stage III/IV with tunnels or undermining
109
Q

What are the different methods of debridement?

A

Surgical/Sharp Debridement: Scissors, scalpels, etc.

Enzymatic Debridement: Collagenase

Autolytic Debridement: When the body heals by itself (use occlussive dressings like films, hydrocolloids, hydrogels, foams overtop)

Mechanical Debridement: Pulse lavage, whirlpool, gauze

110
Q

Which wounds should be debrided?

A
  • Necrotic tissue
  • Avascular
  • Callus
  • Ones with odor
  • Dead fat/fascia
  • Foreign debris
111
Q

Which wounds should NOT be debrided?

A
  • Living tissue
  • Fat (yellow/shiny)
  • Muscle (dull red)
  • Fascia (glistening white)
  • Granular tissue
  • Viable Tissue
112
Q

Describe enzymatic debridement

A

Selective Debridement

  • Can be used on infected and uninfected wounds with necrotic tissue
  • Should see les necrotic tissue after a few days of use
  • Appropriate if the patient cannot tolerate sharp debridement
  • Must stay moist

Contraindications: Facial burns, calluses, wounds free of necrotic tissue, wounds with exposed deep tissue

113
Q

Describe autolytic debridement

A

Selective Debridement

  • Non-invasive, painless
  • Can be used on all non-infected wounds with necrotic/slough tissue
  • Requires time for debridement to occur

Contraindication: Infected or deep cavity wounds, wounds that requires sharp or surgical debridement

114
Q

Describe mechanical debridement

A

Non-Selective or Selective Debridement

Use of force/device to remove devitalized tissue, foreign material, and debris

Non-Selective:
- Wet to dry dressings
- Scrubbing
- Wound cleansers
- Whirlpool
- Pulsatile lavage

Selective:
- Monofilament pads

115
Q

Describe biological debridement

A
  • Breaks down dead tissue
  • Activates infection control and fibroblast migration

(ex: maggots)

116
Q

Describe sharp debridement

A

Selective Debidement

The use of scissors or scalpels

Advantage: Rapid removal of dead tissue

Disadvantage: Painful

Indications: Large amount of necrosis, callus, eschar

Contraindications: Gangrene, stable heel ulcers, arterial insufficiency, PAD, ischemic ulcers, stage III/IV with undermining/tunneling

117
Q

T or F? Autolytic debridement breaks down necrotic tissue slower than enzymatic debridement

A

True

118
Q

T or F? Sharp debridement is considered to be “selective”

A

True

118
Q

List the debridement techniques from most to least selective

A
  • Sharp
  • Monofilament
  • Enzymatic
  • Autolytic
  • Pulse Lavage
119
Q

What are some indications and contraindications of enzymatic debridement

A

Indications: infection, to remove eschar, when the patient can’t do sharp debridement, in home or long term care

Contraindications: exposed deep tissue, facial burns, calluses, lack of necrotic tissue, if using silver

120
Q

What are some indications and contraindications for autolytic debridement?

A

Indications: moist environment needed, when patient can’t use other forms of debridement

Contraindications: infection, deep cavity, when the patient requires sharp debridement

121
Q

What are some indications of biological debridement?

A

Indications: infected wound, to degrade necrosis, when the patient is on antibiotics, to enhance growth factors/angiogenesis

122
Q

What are some indications and contraindications of sharp debridement?

A

Indications: infected, dead tissue, necrosis, eschar, chronic wound, calluses

Contraindications: painful, inconsistent training, bleeding risk, gangrene

Fall 2024: Integumentary Systems (11 decks)

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