QUIZ 2 Flashcards
whats the role of growth hormones in childhood?
normal growth
describe the final stage of motor learning in Bernstein’s model
max movement using all degrees of movement
how has childhood obesity changed from 1976 - 2016
tripled in obesity
what is the significance of synchronous swing in walking
more mature walking better @ 18 months
how does choice reaction time differ from simple reaction time in kids?
CRT involves selecting the appropriate motor response when presented w multiple stimuli, which takes longer sure to central processes
what changes occur in walking by the time a child is 4 y/o
pelvic rotation, knee flexion @ mid-suppport, synchronous arm swing, & heel-to-toe strike
what are the two types of tissue in body mass?
lean (bone & muscle)
(adipose) fat
explain the role of parents in preschool socialization.
vital role; childhood socialization, influencing if kids engage in activities
How does gonadal hormones affect growth during childhood?
androgens promote muscle mass growth & hasten epiphyseal growth plate closure, while estrogen promotes fat accumulation & also hastens growth plates closure
what type of feedback is considered more beneficial when acquiring a new motor skill?
KP knowledge of performance
whats the 1st stage of Fitts & Posner model of motor learning
cognitive stage
What is the difference between creeping & crawling
- creeping = all 4s
- crawling = chest/stomach touches the floor
what age is pelvis rotation in walking typically established?
by 13.8 months
at what age do most kids begin crawling?
9 months
What is HAPPE, & how does it benefit preschool children?
high autonomy physical play environment, kids engage in tasks that match their skills, promoting self-management & decision-making
What locomotion pattern usually develops in children at a later time?
jumping
what is basal metabolic rate (BMR) & why is it important?
BMR is the amount of energy needed to sustain vital body functions; it plays a role in determining weight gain/loss
how does insulin indirectly influence growth?
vital for carbohydrates metabolism & transport of …
in Bernstein’s model, what does the freezing degrees of freedom stage involve?
locking joints that are not specifically used in producing a movement
describe a key characteristic of early running in preschoolers
wider base of support, flat footing landing & high guard arm position
define motor skill capability
person’s potential for skilled motor performance under favorable conditions
how does exercise affect body composition in children?
a combo of aerobic & strength training, helps reduce BMI & promote muscle growth over fat
what is arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) ?
a non-progressive neuromuscular disorder occurring in the 1st trimester, causing fibrosis of muscle & joint structures
what factors contribute to brain growth after birth?
increase size of neurons, synaptic connection, glial cells, &
healthy BMI range in children
18.5 to 24.9
