Quiz 2 Flashcards

Question

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 1

Most common and most severe Affects males almost exclusively deficiency of muscle protein dystophin Symptoms occur between ages 2-6 with difficulty getting up from prone or supine Hypertrophy especially of calves with weakness Ability to walk last by age 12 Fatigue, low endurance, muscle weakness

Answer 2

Genetic disorder of brittle bones, bowing of long bones, thin skin, fascia involvement, blue sclera of the eyes Caused by improper formed bone collagen May become osteporotic, frequent fractures, short stature

Answer 3

Type 1: most common; mildest form characterized by bone fractures, blue sclera and dental issues. Hearing loss in 20-30s, near normal stature, normal lifespan Type 2: newborns are severely affected, with a small stature, small chest, and underdeveloped lungs. Born with broken bones at birth, pass away shortly after birth Type 3: fractures common at birth, small stature, joint laxity, poor muscle development in arms/legs, severe hearing loss, physical disabilities, short lifespan Type 4: bones fracture easily, scoliosis, joint laxity, normal sclera, mild bone deformity, short life span

Answer 4

Characterized by the formation of multiple non-progressive congenital contractures (flexor/extensor, symmetrical/asymmetrical, one/several joints) Muscle development is poor, average intelligence UE: shoulder adduction, internal rotation, elbow extension, wrist flexion, stiff extended fingers LE: hip dislocations, knee contractures, severe clubfeet

Answer 5

Most common peds rheumatoid disease, affecting girls Chronic synovial inflammation, unknown cause Diagnosis through rheumatoid factor and ANA, MRI identification of joint damage Recovery within 1-2 years onset

Answer 6

Onset at any age, affects both males and females 10% of JRA cases, 50% develop chronic arthritic May involve other organs including spleen and lymph nodes; growth retardation and delayed development of sexual characteristics

Answer 7

40% of cases Onset at any age, usually 1-3 years, 3:1 ratio males to females, 5 or more joints affected,usually symmetrical

Answer 8

50% of cases, onset under age 10 Male to female ratio 1:10 4 or fewer joints, most commonly the knee, followed by ankle and elbow Side effects: chronic eye inflammation, can develop functional blindness Good prognosis

Answer 9

Idiopathic: 80% of all cases, more common in girls, unknown cause, genetic Structural: 20% of cases, due to vertebral anomalies or other disease processes such as CP Functional: spine rests in an asymmetrical position due to the muscle imbalance or poor positioning, but the sine is still straight when it is in alignment Structural: misalignment doesn’t go away when bending forward Curves greater than 40 degrees have shorter lifespan due to compromised respiration Curves less than 20 degrees not treated Curves 20-40 degrees require treatment

Answer 10

Temporary or permanent paralysis of the arm caused by trauma during vaginal delivery or direct trauma to the plexus, waiters tip Symptoms: numbness, weakness, lack of motion, pain, inability to weight bear on extended arms, postural asymmetry

Answer 11

Bone cancers (osteosarcoma): in long bones Brain cancers & brainstem tumors: named for both the type of cell from which the tumor originated and the location of the tumor Leukemia: cancer of blood-forming tissues, bone-marrow Hepatoblastoma: liver cancer Lymphoma: Hodgkins vs Non-hodgkins; rare in children under 5, more common in boys Neuroblastmoma: solid cancer of the nerve tissue of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

Thermal: burn caused by outside heat source Chemical: caused by strong acids Electrical Radiation: can be a side effect of external beam radiation therapy to treat some forms of cancer

Answer 13

Superficial (1st degree): epidermis, dry/blanching erythema, painful, heals without scarring 5-10 days Superficial Partial-thickness (2nd degree): upper dermis, blisters/wet/blanching erythema, painful, heals without scarring in 3 weeks Deep Partial-thickness (2nd degree): lower dermis, yellow or white, dry, no blanching, decreased sensation, heals in 3-8 weeks likely to scar Full-thickness (3rd degree): subcutaneous structures, white or black/brown, no blanching, decreased sensation, heals by contracture >8 weeks, will scar

Answer 14

Increase in the intraocular pressure of the eye, if untreated can cause blindness by damaging the retina through excess pressure on the optic never and retinal tissue

Answer 15

A rare inherited eye disease affected retinal functioning, often resulting in severely reduced visual acuity May be accompanied by nystagmus, photophobia

Answer 16

Abnormally small eyeballs

Answer 17

Classified as discrete motor disorder under neurodevelopmental disorders in DSM-V Greater in boys than girls; 4;1 Increased incidence in preterm infants Aka. Developmental clumsiness, In-coordination, Minimal Brain Dysfunction

Answer 18

A. Acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills is substantially below expected at chronological age (clumsiness, slowness, inaccuracy) B. Deficits significantly interfere with ADLs appropriate to chronological age and impacts academic productivity, leisure, play C. Onset of symptoms in early developmental period D. Motor skills deficit is not explained by intellectual disability or visual impairment or neurological condition affecting movemy

Answer 19

1. Child has difficulty interpreting and integrating information (visual, tactile, balance, proprioception) 2. Child has difficulty choosing the type of motor action that is appropriate for the situation 3. Child has difficulty forming a plan of action in the proper sequence 4. Message sent to the muscles must specify speed, force, direction, distance to be moved

Answer 20

Usually seen in adults Loss of praxis (able to plan and coordinate a motor skill) Neurological basis for problem as seen on CT or MRI Basis not usually tied to somatosensory dysfunction

Answer 21

Usually seen in children Dysfunctional praxis (able to plan and coordinate a motor skill) Neurological basis for problem NOT noted on CT or MRI Thought to have tactile proprioceptive basis Learning activities for first time, can’t build on previous skills Ex. Poor motor planning, clumsiness, low muscle tone, problems with ADL, weight shifting problems, decreased rotation, shuffling, toe walking, high stepping, must give full attention to task, decreased postural reactions, poor synergy, problems with unconscious movements, difficulty organizing self, emotionally sensitive, self-image problems, poor proprioception, vestibular impairments, oculomotor deficits

Answer 22

Norm based assessment of fine and gross motor performance for children 4-12 Contains 3 categories: Manual Dexterity, Ball Skills, & Dynamic Balance Percentile scores < 5% indicate definite motor problem, 5-15% considered borderline motor problem

Answer 23

Active participation of the child Child directed Individualized treatment Purposeful activity (activity rich in proprioceptive, vestibular, and tactile input) Just Right Challenge Need for an adaptive response Therapist Responsibility: Choose skill, modify environment, feedback (immediate, constant, random, delayed -best for advanced kids)

Answer 24

Autism Disorder: Diagnosed as early as 2, typically closer to 4 Impaired development of social interaction and communication Inability to initiate or sustain conversation Lack of spoken language Repetitive speech/echolalia Absence of pretend or spontaneous play markedly restricted repertoire of interested Symptoms before age 3 Asperger Syndrome: Delays in social interaction Repetitive behaviors, interests, activities No delays in language speech, cognition, or curiosity PDD Does not meet specific criteria for autism

Answer 25

Difficulties processing tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive input coming from various senses. Not in the ICD or DSM

Answer 26

Genetic Females only Typical first 5 months Brain growth decelerates skills lost starting around 5 months Stereotypical arm movements Loss of social engagement Poorly coordinated gate and trunk movements Severe delay or absence of language Loss of previous acquired hand skills between 5-30months

Answer 27

Typical development Sudden loss of language, bowel & bladder control after 2 years or older

Answer 28

Genetic Males only Presentation very similar to ASD

Answer 29

Limitations in the social use of language Absence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors

Answer 30

Level 3: Requires Very Substantial Support Severe deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication skills causing severe impairments in functioning Level 2: Requires Substantial Support Marked deficits in verbal & nonverbal social communication skills, limited initiation of social interactions and reduced responses Level 1: Requires Support Without supports in place, deficits in social communication cause noticeable impairments

Answer 31

Series of cognitive skills, allows us to plan, focus attention, remember and attend to different tasks at the same time Includes self-regulation & metacognition 3 main areas: Working Memory: ability to briefly hold and integrate info important for reasoning of decision making Inhibitory Control: ability to resist distraction/impulse Cognitive Flexibility: ability to adjust to the demands and change in the environment or switch attention

Answer 32

By age 3: Tasks involving two rules (if its red, put here) Redirect their attention to the bin (cog flexibility) Remember what they’re doing and why By age 5: Conscious problem solving, multistep commands Can inhibit responses (waiting for candy for bigger reward)

Answer 33

Each skill is broken down into components Discrete Trials Instruction: clear and concise Prompt: verbal or physical, not always needed Opportunity for response Immediate feedback Intense carryover at home is needed

Answer 34

Promotes social interaction Adult follows the child’s lead: child may instruct adult, adult may join the child’s activity, child sets the tone and directs interaction Observe —> Approach —> Follow the child’s lead —> child expresses ideas —> child feels understood

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Quiz 2 Flashcards

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