quiz #2 Flashcards
what are the 5 purposes of the CJS
prevent crime
protect the public
support victims –> victim bill of rights (2015)
achieve justice
successful reintergration
what are the 3 models of criminal justice administration
crime control model
due process model
medical (rehabilitation) model
crime control model
a. protect the public
b. Rests on the presumption of guilt.
c. Less attention placed on the legal rights of accused.
d. Reflects conservative values.
Due Process Model
a. Focus = protect the legal rights of accused (reduced likelihood of wrongful conviction)
i. Limit the powers of CJS officials.
b. See courts as essential in protecting the rights of the accused.
c. Rests on the presumption of innocence
d. Reflects liberal values.
what is the primary purpose of the CJS
protection of the public through deterrence and incapacitation
Medical (Rehabilitation) Model
a. Goal is to reform or “treat” those involved in criminal offences.
b. Offenders viewed as having the capacity for change.
c. Not as interested in due process, not interested in punishment.
Deterrence
Punishment intended to reduce the likelihood of future crime (2 types)
Specific deterrence
punishment intended to prevent the individual offender from engaging in future crime
General deterrence
punishment intended to prevent society from engaging in future crime
does the CJS do anything to deter crime?
The CJS does little to deter offending
Swift? Certain? Severe?
Is the system a “system”?
Argument that the “system” doesn’t actually operate as a system – mainly because agencies fail to share information.
The CJS = Police + Courts + Corrections but…
much broader that these three institutions
It contains all agencies, organizations, and personnel involved in the prevention of a response to crime
Models of Criminal Justice Administration - what do we need?
a blend of all approaches
Some require a more punitive approach (prison)
Others are better served through a rehabilitative emphasis
We also need checks/balances to ensure that government power does not get ‘out of control’
policing
The activities of any individual or organization acting legally on behalf of public or private organizations or persons to maintain security or social order
New reality = pluralization of policing
The expansion of policing beyond the public police to include parapolice and private security
what are the 3 primary activities of the police?
crime control
order maintenance
crime prevention/services
crime control
Responding to / investigating crime and patrolling street to prevent crime.
order maintenance
Designed to prevent / control behaviour that disturbs the public peace
Crime prevention/services
Collaboratively with community partners to prevent crime and provide a wide range of services to community
expanding Police Roles
the specific tasks expected of police have been diversifying
why is the role of policing expanding
social changes and crime trends
what are the 6 technical levels of canadian policing
- Federal
- Provincial
- Municipal
- Regional
- First Nations
- Private/Parapolice
federal police
Provincial Police
Each province/territory has the option of establishing their own police force
(ontario, québec, newfoundland and labrador)
Municipal Police
They can create their own police force or contract the job to RCMP
Majority of police work in Canada is performed at this level
Jurisdiction within city boundaries
Regional Police
2 or more adjacent municipalities using the same police force (ontario, nova scotia)
First Nations Police
2 models
Self-administered = develop their own police force.
Community tripartite agreements
