Quiz 2

Question 1

What did the French Revolution give us?

Answer 1

Vocabulary of new political ideas:

Popular sovereignty; Natural, universal rights; modern patriotism and nationalism (loyalty to nation of fraternal citizens, not patriarchal ruler)

Concept of “left-right” spectrum (based on National Assembly seating)

Question 2

Liberalism

Answer 2

lIndividual Freedom; an individual rights vis-a-vis the state

Views Private property as the basis of political rights

Believes value and status comes from work ethic/talent/wealth

Endorses Free Trade

Question 3

Conservatism

Answer 3

Idealizes a rural, traditional past with its organic society of clearly demarcated orders and gradual evolution

Values landed aristocracy over “new money”

Values religion as a model to stabilize society

Recognizes the ills of industrialization; factors a return to an ordered top-down past in which paternalistic landlords take care of their peasants during downturns

Question 4

Socialism

Answer 4

Rejects liberal assumption that people are driven primarily by competitive self-interest; instead believes in human nature’s communalist, cooperative potential

If liberals see history as a march towards ever-increasing individual freedom, socialists see equality as necessary first step

Highlights fact that workers produce wealth

Question 5

Communists

Answer 5

Marx and Engels wanted to make socialism “scientific” and modern, not utopian or nostalgic for past “idiocy of rural life”

Applied dialect of class conflict (“Engine of history”) to explain/predict how history will inevitably progress through eco stages

Claims oppressor class owns means of production and claims bulk of profits

Question 6

Thomas Malthus

Answer 6

A pessimistic political economist and historical demographer who warned that human societies were doomed to “Malthusian Trap”

Question 7

Malthusian Trap

Answer 7

Population will always out do resources

Question 8

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 8

New Techniques (crop rotation, enclosure of fallow land) increase yields, meaning fewer farmers can feed more workers; many move to cities to form cheap labour force

Question 9

Britain during Industrialization

Answer 9

Agricultural Revolution

Consumer Revolution

National Bank

Commercial Growth

Question 10

Consumer Revolution

Answer 10

New demands and wage income fuel shift from subsistence to acquisitive economy (breakfast example)

people are living next each other, seeing what they buy, creating trends

Profits from lucrative transatlantic “Triangle Trade” Incl. Slavery

Question 11

Marx’s “Appendages of Machines”

Answer 11

All bodies (children included) “Commoditized”

Question 12

Zong Massacre (1781)

Answer 12

133 slaves thrown overboard to conserve water, supplies

Might of been insurance scam

Question 13

Workers’ Tenements in Shadow of Factory

Answer 13

Often required to use wages at company store

Question 14

The “wrong side of the tracks”

Answer 14

Overcrowded slums and factory-owned Tenements

Question 15

Directory (1795-1799)

Answer 15

Government that replaces the government after Robespierre and the Terror

5-director executive gridlocked, corrupt

Question 16

Consulate (1799-1804)

Answer 16

Sieyes’s government, set up 3-consul executive before Napoleon pulls off “coup within a coup” to make himself “first consul and then consul for life

Question 17

Napoleons Trade offs

Answer 17

Revolution liberties for security/stability