Quiz 2

Question 1

Who was Herod Antipas and what did he do?

Answer 1

-son of Herod the Great, the Roman-appointed king of Judea, who ruled as tetrarch of Galilee and Perea from 4 BCE to 39 CE (after his dad died).
-relation to the trial of Jesus and the execution of John the Baptist
-known for his building projects and for his role in the events leading to the crucifixion of Jesus.

Question 2

Who is Herodias?

Answer 2

Was married to Herod Antipas and then Philp.
-Had a daughter with Herod Antipas (she danced at the banquet)
-John the Baptists’ sister in law

Question 3

What happened at the banquet with Herod Antipas and his daughter?

Answer 3

Herod Antipas’ daughter danced for him and all of his friends
-They enjoyed it so much that he offered her anything she wants
-She asked for her moms opinion and asked for the head of john the Baptist
-He served it to her on a silver platter

Question 4

Why was John the Baptist in prison?

Answer 4

because Herod Antipas thought he was a prophet and also because john criticized their marriage

Question 5

Who is Archelaus?

Answer 5

-Son of herod the great
-was ruler of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea
-Was given the title of Ethnarch
-if he did a good job he might be king down the line
-reurn from egypt

Question 6

Why did Joseph and Mary not return to Egypt with Jesus?

Answer 6

After Joseph, Mary, and the infant Jesus fled to Egypt to escape Herod’s massacre of the infants in Bethlehem, they remained in Egypt until Herod’s death. However, when Joseph heard that Archelaus was ruling in Judea, he was afraid to return there

Question 7

How does Herod the great have association to the wise men?

Answer 7

He heard news of Jesus being born and sent the wise men to find out where he was because he was scared of being dethroned. The wise men went to Jesus, brought him gifts and then had a dream to not return to Herod. Herod then ordered the massacre of the infants

Question 8

Who is Herod Philip?

Answer 8

-Referred to as the Tetrarch
-Rules over Iturea and Trachonitis
- Herodias, leaves him to marry Herod Antipas, his half-brother

Question 9

Who was Herod Agrippas I?

Answer 9

-during his reign as King, he ruled over Judea and Samaria
-He arrests and executes the apostle James, the brother of John
-Also imprisons the apostle Peter

Question 10

How was Herod Agrippa II?

Answer 10

-participated in the trial of the apostle Paul, who appeared before him in Caesarea to defend himself against charges brought by Jewish leaders
-despite finding no fault in Paul, Herod Agrippa II did not release him but instead suggested that Paul could have been set free if he had not appealed to Caesar

Question 11

List the rulers of the Herodian dynasty in order.

Answer 11

Herod the Great
Archelaus
Herod Antipas
Herod Philip
Herod Agrippa I
Herod Agrippa II

Question 12

What does Aniconic mean?

Answer 12

rejected the use of human images on items

Question 13

What does rabbi mean?

Answer 13

teacher

Question 14

What is the hierarchy of priests?

Answer 14

High priest, priests, remaining Levites

Question 15

What is the general heirarchy?

Answer 15

Bishops, Priests, Deacons

Question 16

How was the land of ancient Israel divided among the twelve tribes?

Answer 16

when the Israelites entered the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua, the land was divided among the twelve tribes of Israel as an inheritance from God. However, the tribe of Levi was not allocated a specific territory of land like the other tribes.

Instead, the Levites were designated as the priestly tribe, responsible for serving in the tabernacle (later the Temple) and conducting religious rituals on behalf of the people. Because of their sacred duties, the Levites were scattered throughout the territories of the other twelve tribes rather than having a distinct territory of their own.

Question 17

Explain how the priesthood was organized in ancient Israel.

Answer 17

The priests were divided into 24 divisons
-was to ensure that there was always a group of priests available to perform the various duties and rituals required in the Temple throughout the year
-would travel to Jerusalem to serve for a specific period of time, typically two weeks, during which they would be responsible for overseeing the sacrifices, offerings, and other religious ceremonies in the temple

Question 18

A new temple was built in 519BC until it was _____.

Answer 18

destroyed by the Romans in AD70

Question 19

How was the first temple modeled and who built it?

Answer 19

was modeled on the tent of meeting and was built by Solomon

Question 20

How was the second temple modeled?

Answer 20

modeled by the first temple

Question 21

Who was allowed to go into the court of gentiles?

Answer 21

only non jews

Question 22

Who was allowed to go into the portico?

Answer 22

only jews

Question 23

Who could go into the sanctuary/holy place?

Answer 23

only priests

Question 24

Who could go into the tabernacle/holy of holies?

Answer 24

only high priests could enter ONLY on Day of atonement

Question 25

Explain the main precincts (or areas) within the temple.

Answer 25

Court of Gentiles,
Portico (only Jews could enter), within the Portico, is the sanctuary /holy place(only entered by priests). Sanctuary was where sacrifices took place; tabernacle/holy of holies was there ((only high priests could enter ONLY on Day of atonement)

Question 26

What prompted the Romans to begin to supervise the selection appointments to the Jewish
high priesthood?

Answer 26

due to political instability and their desire to assert control over Judea, ensuring that candidates were vetted and approved to maintain stability and loyalty to Rome.

Question 27

What is a zealot? (lowercase z)

Answer 27

those motivated by “zeal”

Question 27

Explain the beliefs of the Sadducees.

Answer 27

-Sadducees’ focus on Temple worship, rejection of oral tradition, and disbelief in resurrection.
-Aristocrats: Jerusalem and associated with the High priests
-Supermajority of the Sanhedrin
-Believed in the death of the soul for eternity
-Authority to Torah (alone)

Question 28

What is Zealot? (capital Z)

Answer 28

• people who became active in the first Jewish revolt against Rome; starts after Herod Agrippa I (died in 44) the word started in the 40’sAD and ended in 70AD.

Question 28

True/False: Simon was a military fighter

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Explain the Pharisees and their beliefs.

Answer 29

-Broader support among Jews; not limited to Jerusalem
-represented but a minority on Sanhedrin
-Do believe in the resurrection of the body
-immortality of the soul
-Torah and “tradition of elders”: Sabbath; purity; etc (meticulous uphold of the law)

Question 30

Explain the functions and activities at the synagogue.

Answer 30

Functions: Synagogues served as local centers of worship, education, and community gatherings for Jews, particularly in regions outside Jerusalem.
Activities:
Prayer, Torah study, Reading of Scripture,
Community Meetings

Question 31

Explain the functions and activities at the Jewish Temple.

Answer 31

Functions: The Jerusalem Temple was the central religious and sacrificial center of Judaism, located in Jerusalem.
Activities:
Sacrificial Worship,
Pilgrimage,
High Priestly Duties,
Divine Presence

Question 32

Explain the relations between the Sanhedrin and Roman governors in the New Testament era

Answer 32

delicate balance of cooperation, negotiation, and occasional conflict, with each side seeking to assert its authority and interests within Judea.

Question 33

Describe the meaning of circumsion?

Answer 33

not limited to the Jews. Serves as a sign of God’s covenant with Abraham

Question 34

Explain the significance of the sabbath observance?

Answer 34

it is a central and cherished practice in Judaism, embodying principles of rest, worship, community, and spiritual renewal
-serves as a weekly reminder of God’s presence in the lives of the Jewish people and their ongoing commitment to living lives of holiness and righteousness

Question 35

Explain the dietary regulations

Answer 35

Also tied to ritual cleanliness. Came to an end (view of Christians) Jesus’ sacrifice removes this law

Question 36

Explain the significance of ritual purity.

Answer 36

Women are unclean (tumah) if they bleed for 7 days. Contact with a dead body is unclean. Unclean people can’t participate in temple rituals. Cleanness and uncleanness doesn’t carry moral or immoral; connotations.

Question 37

Explain the inconsistency of depictions of Samaritans in the New Testament

Answer 37

Overall, the New Testament’s depiction of Samaritans reflects the complexities of intergroup relations and the diverse perspectives present within the early Christian community. While some passages present Samaritans in a positive light, others highlight the challenges and tensions inherent in interactions between Jews and Samaritans during that time.

Question 38

Explain the scholarly uncertainty about the origins of the New Testament-era Samaritan communities.

Answer 38

Ancient texts, including the Old Testament and Samaritan Pentateuch, offer differing accounts of the Samaritans’ origins
-According to the biblical narrative, the Samaritans are depicted as descendants of the Northern Israelite tribes who intermarried with foreigners after the Assyrian conquest of Israel
-In contrast, Samaritan tradition asserts a direct lineage to the ancient Israelites and claims to preserve the original religion of Moses

Question 39

Explain the distinctive Scriptures differentiating Samaritans from Jews

Answer 39

Samaritan Pentateuch: The Samaritans regard only the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, known as the Pentateuch (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy), as their authoritative Scripture.
-Exclusion of Later Prophetic and Writings: Unlike Jews, who recognize the entire Hebrew Bible (including the Prophets and Writings) as canonical Scripture, Samaritans consider only the Pentateuch to be divinely inspired and authoritative.

Question 40

Explain the distinctive beliefs differentiating Samaritans from Jews

Answer 40

Mount Gerizim: The Samaritans consider Mount Gerizim, located near their ancient capital of Shechem, to be the holiest site in their religious tradition. They believe that God chose Mount Gerizim as the place where Abraham offered Isaac and where the Israelites were commanded to pronounce blessings
-in contrast to the Jewish emphasis on the Jerusalem Temple

Question 41

Explain the distinctive practices differentiating Samaritans from Jews

Answer 41

Passover Sacrifice: The Samaritans observe the Passover festival according to their own traditions, which include the sacrifice of lambs on Mount Gerizim. This practice mirrors the ancient Israelite Passover observance and highlights the centrality of Mount Gerizim in Samaritan religious life
-Priestly Duties: Samaritans maintain a hereditary priesthood, with descendants of the biblical tribe of Levi serving as priests in their religious rituals. These priests are responsible for conducting sacrifices, leading prayers, and maintaining the traditions of the Samaritan faith.
-Language and Liturgy: The Samaritans preserve ancient Hebrew pronunciation and use a form of the Hebrew language that retains archaic features. Their liturgical practices, including prayers and blessings, reflect ancient Israelite customs and expressions.

Question 42

What does diaspora mean?

Answer 42

The term “diaspora” refers to the dispersion or scattering of a particular ethnic, religious, or cultural group from their ancestral homeland to other regions or countries. It often implies a sense of migration or forced exile, resulting in the establishment of communities in various parts of the world

Question 43

What is assimilation?

Answer 43

when members of a minority cultural group adopt the norms, values, behaviors, and practices of the dominant or majority culture, often resulting in the loss or erosion of their original cultural identity.

Question 44

What is accomidation?

Answer 44

Accommodation refers to the process by which two or more cultural groups adjust to one another while maintaining distinct cultural identities.

Question 45

What is acculturation?

Answer 45

Acculturation refers to the process of cultural change and adaptation that occurs when two or more cultural groups come into sustained contact, leading to the exchange and integration of cultural elements between them.

Question 46

What is the Septuagint?

Answer 46

Greek translation of the New Testament

Question 47

Who are god fearers and how are they related to Jewish communities?

Answer 47

God-fearers” were individuals in ancient Jewish communities who were not ethnically Jewish but were sympathetic to and supportive of Jewish beliefs and practices. They were typically non-Jews (Gentiles) who admired Judaism, respected its monotheistic faith, moral teachings, and ethical principles, and were drawn to Jewish worship and spirituality.