Quiz 2

Question 1

Realiability

Answer 1

the ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions

Question 2

validity

Answer 2

the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure

Question 3

Standardization

Answer 3

the administering and scoring of test in the same way every time

Question 4

percentile system

Answer 4

ranking of test scores that indicated the ratio of scores lower and higher than a given score

Question 5

norms

Answer 5

standard of comparison for test results developed by giving the test to large well-defined, groups of people

Question 6

two-factor theory

Answer 6

proposes that a person’s intelligence is composed of a general ability level and specific mental abilities

Question 7

triarchic theory

Answer 7

proposes that a person’s intelligence involves analytical, creative, and practical thinking skills

Question 8

emotional intelligence

Answer 8

interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities needed to understand and use knowledge of emotions effectively

Question 9

intelligence quotient

Answer 9

standardized measure of intelligence based on a scale in which 100 is average

Question 10

heritability

Answer 10

the degree to which a characteristic is related to inherited genetic factors

Question 11

cultural bias

Answer 11

an aspect of an intelligence test in which the wording used in questions may be more familiar to people of one social group than to another group

Question 12

aptitude test

Answer 12

estimates the probability that a person will be successful in learning a specific new skill

Question 13

achievement test

Answer 13

measures how much a person has learned in a given subject or area

Question 14

interest inventory

Answer 14

measures a person’s preferences and attitudes in a wide variety of activities to identify areas of likely success

Question 15

personality test

Answer 15

assesses an individual’s characteristics and identifies problems

Question 16

objective test

Answer 16

a limited or forced choice test in which a person must select one of several answers

Question 17

projective test

Answer 17

an unstructured test in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli

Question 18

personality

Answer 18

the consistent enduring, and unique characteristics of a person

Question 19

unconscious

Answer 19

the part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but strongly influences conscious processes and behaviours

Question 20

id

Answer 20

the part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material

Question 21

ego

Answer 21

the part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the superego in socially acceptable ways

Question 22

superego

Answer 22

the part of the personality that is the source of conscience and counteracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id

Question 23

defense mechanisms

Answer 23

certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances

Question 24

collective unconscious

Answer 24

the part of the mind that contains inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people

Question 25

archetype

Answer 25

an inherited idea based on the experiences of one’s ancestor, which shape one’s perception of the world

Question 26

inferiority complex

Answer 26

a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source

Question 27

behaviorism

Answer 27

belief that the proper subject matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior and nothing else

Question 28

Contingencies of reinforcement

Answer 28

the occurrence of rewards or punishments following particular behaviors

Question 29

Humanistic psychology

Answer 29

a school of psychology that emphasizes growth and achievement of maximum potential by each unique individual

Question 30

self-actualization

Answer 30

the humanist term for realizing one’s unique potential

Question 31

self

Answer 31

one’s experience or image of oneself, developed through interaction with others

Question 32

positive regard

Answer 32

viewing oneself in a favorable light due to supportive feedback received from interaction with others

Question 33

conditions of worth

Answer 33

the conditions a person must meet in order to regard himself or herself positively

Question 34

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 34

the perception that individuals’ significant others value them for what they are, which leads the individuals to grant themselves the same favorable opinion or view

Question 35

Fully functioning

Answer 35

having the person and self coincide

Question 36

trait

Answer 36

a tendency to react to a situation in a way that remains stable over time

Question 37

cardinal trait

Answer 37

a characteristic or feature that is so pervasive the person is almost identified with it

Question 38

factor analysis

Answer 38

a complex statistical technique used to identify the underlying reasons variables are correlated

Question 39

surface trait

Answer 39

a stable characteristic that can be observed in certain situations

Question 40

source trait

Answer 40

a stable characteristic that can be considered to be at the core of personality