Quiz 1

Question 1

Developmental psychology

Answer 1

the study of changes that occur as an individual matures

Question 2

grasping relflex

Answer 2

an infant’s clinging response to a touch on the palm of his or her hand

Question 3

rooting relflex

Answer 3

an infant’s response in turning toward the source of touching that occurs anywhere around his or her mouth

Question 4

telegraphic speech

Answer 4

the kind of verbal utterances in which words are left out, but the meaning is usually clear

Question 5

schema

Answer 5

a conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world

Question 6

assimilation

Answer 6

a process of fitting objects and experiences into one’s schemas

Question 7

representational thought

Answer 7

the ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind

Question 8

accommodation

Answer 8

the adjustment of one’s schemas to include newly observed events and experiences

Question 9

conservation

Answer 9

the principle that a given quantity doesn’t change when its appearance is changed

Question 10

egocentric

Answer 10

a young child’s inability to understand another person’s perspective

Question 11

imprinting

Answer 11

inherited tendency of some newborn animals to follow the first moving object they see

Question 12

socialization

Answer 12

the process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture within which an individual is born and will live

Question 13

identification

Answer 13

the process by which a child adopts the values and principles of the same-sex parent

Question 14

sublimation

Answer 14

the process of redirecting sexual impulses into learning tasks

Question 15

role taking

Answer 15

children’s play that involves assuming adult roles, thus enabling the child to experience different points of view

Question 16

initiation rites

Answer 16

ceremonies or rituals in which an individual is admitted to new status or accepted into a new position

Question 17

menarche

Answer 17

the first menstrual period

Question 18

spermarche

Answer 18

period during which males achieve first ejaculation

Question 19

asynchrony

Answer 19

the condition during adolescence in which the growth or maturation of bodily parts is uneven

Question 20

rationalization

Answer 20

a process whereby an individual seeks to explain an often unpleasant emotion or behavior in a way that will preserve his or her self-esteem

Question 21

identity crisis

Answer 21

a period of inner conflict during which adolescents worry intensely about who they are

Question 22

social learning theory

Answer 22

bandura’s view of human development; emphasizes the interaction

Question 23

clique

Answer 23

a small exclusive group of people within a larger group

Question 24

conformity

Answer 24

acting in accordance with some specified authority

Question 25

anorexia nervosa

Answer 25

a serious eating disorder characterized by fear of gaining weight that result in prolonged self starvation and dramatic weight loss

Question 26

gender identity

Answer 26

the sex group (masculine or feminine) to which an individual biologically belongs

Question 27

gender role

Answer 27

the set of behaviors that society considers appropriate for each sex

Question 28

gender steriotypes

Answer 28

an oversimplified or distorted generalization about the characteristics of men and women

Question 29

androgynous

Answer 29

combining or blending traditionally male and female characteristics

Question 30

gender schema

Answer 30

a set of behaviors organized around how either a male or female should think and behave

Question 31

autonomy

Answer 31

ability to take care of oneself and make one’s own decisions

Question 32

developmental friendship

Answer 32

friends force one another to reexamine their basic assumptions and perhaps about new ideas and beliefs

Question 33

resynthesis

Answer 33

combining old ideas with new ones and reorganizing feeling in order to renew one’s identity

Question 34

comparable worth

Answer 34

the concept that women and men should receive equal pay for jobs calling for comparable skill and responsibility

Question 35

menopause

Answer 35

the biological event in which a woman’s production of sex hormones is sharply reduced

Question 36

generativity

Answer 36

the desire, in middle age, to use one’s accumulated wisdom to guide future generations

Question 37

stagnation

Answer 37

a discontinuation of development and a desire to recapture the past

Question 38

decremental model of aging

Answer 38

idea that progressive physical and mental decline are inevitable with age

Question 39

ageism

Answer 39

prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person’s age

Question 40

dementia

Answer 40

decreases in mental abilities, which can be experienced by some people in old age

Question 41

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 41

a condition that destroys a person’s ability to think, remember, relate to others, and care for herself or himself

Question 42

thanatology

Answer 42

the study of death and dying

Question 43

hospice

Answer 43

a facility designed to care for the special needs of the dying