quiz 2 Flashcards
“___ are the set of prerogatives based on human dignity, whose effective realization is indispensable for the integral development of the person. This set of prerogatives is established within the national legal order, in our Political Constitution, international treaties and laws.”
Human Rights
____ is also one of the legal freedoms that must be ensured and monitored.
The freedom to choose the ways to realize our full human development
it was not until the ___ that a modern era began in which the rights to freedom and equality were recognized as inalienable and undeniable rights of all people
18th century
phrase that emerged during the French Revolution
“Liberty, equality and fraternity”
When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted?
it was adopted in December 10th, 1948 by the United Nations
The first article of this declaration states that:
“All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and, endowed as they are with reason and conscience, should behave towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood”.
Recall that the State violates human rights in three ways:
- By action, when it performs an action that goes beyond our human rights.
- By omission, when it does not do what it is supposed to do, thus violating our human rights.
- By tolerance, when we tolerate that someone else harms us and overrides our rights and freedoms.
non-discrimination based on gender in Mexico (5 documents)
- Magna Carta
- sections 1 and 4 of the Constitution
- Ley General de Igualdad entre Mujeres y Hombres
- Ley General de Acceso de las Mujeres a una Vida Libre de Violencia
- Ley Federal para Prevenir y Eliminar la Discriminación,
Why did the Mexican government open a memorial in 2011?
To apologize for the femicides in Ciudad Juarez, they also payed $383,000 dollars to the victims’ families.
Roles and responsibilities for municipal, state and federal government authorities in Mexico as said in the Constitution
promote, respect, protect and guarantee human rights
Shue, duties for the government
Non-deprivation, Privacy Protection, Helping those deprived of basic goods
Eide, duties for the government(4)
Respect, protect, satisfy, provide
Van Hoof, duties for the government
Respect, protect, insuring, promote
Steiner y Alston, duties for the government
Respect, protect/prevent, create institutional machinery, provide goods and services, promote
DESC Committee, duties for the government
Respect, protect, comply, satisfy, provide, promote
Human rights Committee, duties for the government
Respect, protect, ensuring and adopting measures, insuring, promote
Inter-American Court of Human Rights, duties for the government
Respect, protect, ensuring and adopting measures, promote, establishing institutions and investigating, sanctioning and redressing
Because they are the basis of legal equality and are distinguished from economic rights.
Universal
Because among human rights, some depend on others because they establish reciprocal relationships between them, where the annulment of one human right can have repercussions on the annulment of other human rights, and also human rights are self-limiting insofar as some rights serve as a limit to other rights.
Interdependent
It entails that all human rights have an inseparable character because they are part of people and derive from the dignity of each one of them.
Indivisible
It entails that since they are already included in Mexico’s political constitution, they cannot be annulled, ignored or expelled; furthermore, they do not admit regression, i.e., there will always be more human rights, not less.
Progressive
the third paragraph of section 1 of the Mexican Constitution establishes as obligations of the State to ___
prevent, investigate, punish and redress human rights violations
Men and women are not 100% equal, nor can they be, but the ___ must be applied
ethical principle of equality
It is a normative ethical principle that places us, for the good of all people and society as a whole, as human beings with equal value based on the very life and human dignity that shapes us
Equality
the first woman doctor to perform a heart transplant in Mexico in August 2017
Dr. María del Sol García Ortegón
___ means internalizing the mandates that are held, the power they tend to exercise and unlearning the violent behaviors that even generate various problems for men themselves
New masculinity
Agenda presented to the presidential candidates in Mexico in 2018
“Add up to equality”
___ promotes women’s empowerment and equality, gender non-discrimination and the fight to eliminate, address and punish violence against women
UN Women
in Mexico it is estimated that __ of women living in this country have suffered some type of gender-based violence
66%
Movement that Tec joined in 2019
HeForShe
HeForShe Tec 9 strategies for the promotion of gender equality:
- Development of the Gender Equality Plan.
- Implement points of attention on campuses for the prevention of and attention to gender violence.
- Strengthening and continuous improvement of the Gender Violence Protocol in force at the national level.
- Training in gender equality and violence prevention.
- Promote a culture of equal opportunities in all processes required to achieve the development and growth of women.
- Development of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers.
- Increase the number of student groups that promote a culture of equality and prevention of gender violence.
- Promote academic contributions on gender issues.
- Develop a working group in an international consortium on gender equality in universities.
In January 2019, only ___ of government ministers were women
20.7% of government ministers are women
Sustainable development goal ___ is Gender Equality
5
Sustainable development goal 5 aims to…
“End all forms of discrimination against women and girls. It is not only a basic human right, but also crucial for sustainable development. It has been proven time and time again that empowering women and girls has a multiplier effect and helps promote economic growth and development globally.”
other Sustainable Development Goals that help achieve gender equality
Objective 1: End poverty in all its forms throughout the world.
Objective 3: To ensure healthy living and promote wellness for all at all ages.
Objective 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.
For the Royal Spanish Academy empowerment is:
“To make a disadvantaged individual or social group powerful or strong”.
4 principles for the empowerment of women
- Promote gender equality at all levels of the organization
- Treat women and men equally in the workforce
- Ensure the health, safety and welfare of all workers
- Promoting education, training and professional empowerment of women
In order to move towards equality between women and men, it is essential to carry out …
is essential to carry out affirmative, positive actions, also called temporary special measures, to create the conditions for the real advancement of women and their development
The term “affirmative action” has its origins in the __
black movement in the United States
___ strategic objectives and measures to advance the development and progress of women and the achievement of gender equality in areas that are critical to the lives of girls and women
The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action
A coherent set of measures of a temporary nature aimed at correcting the situation of the target group in one or more aspects of their social life in order to achieve equality
affirmative action
A very important and well-known affirmative action in Mexico
gender quotas
Examples of affirmative action for gender equality in Mexico
- Scholarship Program to Support the Basic Education of Young Mothers and Pregnant Mothers
- Specific Action Program for Gender Equality in Health
None of the affirmative actions or temporary special measures are ___
forever
Three types of actions have been recognized in the development of public policies on equality and the responsibility of governments to eliminate discrimination and violence against women, as well as to promote equality and their human development under equal rights and conditions:
- Those that correspond to actions that promote and facilitate equal treatment based on laws
- The specific temporary ones aimed mainly at obtaining equitable results for women in relation to men
- Those of mainstreaming
the process of guaranteeing the incorporation of the gender perspective in order to assess the implications for women and men of any action programmed in legislation, public policies, administrative, economic and cultural activities in public and private institutions
Gender mainstreaming
seeks to have an impact on the institutional culture favor gender equality and do not reproduce gender-based discrimination
institutionalization of the gender perspective
sought to incorporate and use the gender perspective and respect for women’s rights within each of the federal government’s agencies and entities
Program for the Institutionalization of the Gender Perspective in the Federal Public Administration
“We live in societies that until recently have denied or have not recognized the imaginary of women, the possibility of other looks, other sensibilities. To “become women”, we need to recover our legacy and choose our images, our forms and ways of managing them”
Simone de Beauvoir
the gender gap is very present in ___and there is ___ after high school
school performance / gender segregation in certain fields of study
only __ of startups are led by women
7%
only ___ of engineering students are women
15%
According to OECD data, Mexico’s ___ is the highest among its member countries, after the United States, rising from 24% in 2000 to 32% in 2013.
obesity rate
Mexico has the highest ___ among OECD member countries
maternal mortality rate and teenage pregnancy
___ women between the ages of 15 and 19, and approximately __ girls under the age of 15, give birth each year
16 million / 1 million
less than ___ of researchers are women
30%
The UN has determined that every ___ we should dedicate it to encourage the insertion of girls and women in ICTs
April 24
“Women have a fundamental role in environmental management and development. Therefore, they supply participation is essential to achieve sustainable development”
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992), Principle 20
The roles of women and men in the markets are different because …
women represent mostly the demand side and men represent mostly the supply side.
Women’s decisions in the markets are mostly ___ decisions, while men make mostly ___ decisions
purchasing / production
3 axes of sustainability
- Economic - production of goods and services
- Ecological - care of natural resources and land rights
- Social - impact on new generations and their human rights
On average, men are making decisions on the ___ axis, but not on the __ axis.
economic and ecological / social
men are destroying __
sharks
the global gender gap will take ___ years to close
100
only ___ of the members of the National System of Researchers are women
36.6% (9,950)
Girls and women have higher terminal efficiency in __, and this does not translate into their reaching positions of power when they finish their university studies.
educational levels
