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Gender and sexuality > quiz 1 > Flashcards

quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The anatomical and physiological difference that divides the human being into two groups. It is composed of all biological, physiological-anatomical elements from chromosomes, hormones and primary characters and secondary characters .

A

sex

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2
Q

Female sex markers

A

menstruation, ovulation, breast development and pubic hair.

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3
Q

Male sex markers

A

the production of sperm, semen and ejaculation, as well as the appearance of hair on the pubis and other parts of the body, deepening of the voice, among others.

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4
Q

Sex is determined by…

A

chromosomal characteristics, as well as hormonal development

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5
Q

Antecedents of gender (name)

A

John Money

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6
Q

Money identified that…

A

sex was a condition independent of sexual identity

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7
Q

took up Money’s studies on sexual identity to propose gender identity as the way of describing oneself and feeling oneself as a woman or a man, independent of the sex of the person.

A

Robert Stoller (1970s)

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8
Q

created the concept of the sex/gender system by locating in the history and culture of a given society the elements that are socially defined as what a man or woman should be

A

Gayle Rubin (1975)

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9
Q

___ appears as a way of defining oneself as a person: woman or man, together with the orientation of sexual desire towards another person.

A

Sexual identity

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10
Q

Women earn, on average, ___less than men

A

16.5%

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11
Q

Since ___, ___ identified that gender is constructed through power relations establishing an order from which a society establishes mandates that are reinforced with rewards and sanctions, for men’s should be and women’s should be.
(year and name)

A

1984, Joan Scott

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12
Q

“gender is a constitutive element of social relations based on the differences that distinguish the sexes and gender is a primary form of significant power relations”

A

Joan Scott

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13
Q

For Scott, gender comprises 4 interrelated elements:

A
  1. Culturally available symbols that evoke multiple representations.
  2. Normative concepts (manifest the interpretations of the meanings of symbols, delimit and contain their metaphorical possibilities)
  3. These concepts are expressed in religious, educational, scientific, legal and political doctrines
  4. Social institutions and organizations.
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14
Q

The gender order in these power relations establishes a ___

A

symbolic inequality

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15
Q

Set of behaviors expected and assigned to one or the other sex from the culture, in a specific society and historical moment.

A

Gender roles

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16
Q

Generalized opinion or prejudice, or pre-conception about attributes or characteristics that men and women possess or should possess or about the social roles that both perform or should perform

A

Gender stereotypes

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17
Q

___ is a founding and signifying system of power relations between psychically and socially constituted subjects, based on the sociocultural premises established by that system, which institute differences between subjects, justified and legitimized on the basis of the interpretation of a model of two biological sexes and the possibility of human reproduction underlying that model.

A

Gender

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18
Q

the way to analyze a social phenomenon, identifying not only the differences between women and men, but also the way in which inequalities are articulated

A

genderperspective

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19
Q

establishes the need to have the necessary conditions and specific needs met, so that a person can exercise all his or her human rights and achieve his or her objectives, goals and dreams.

A

equity

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20
Q

determines the need for equal conditions to meet a person’s strategic needs and guarantee the exercise of his or her human rights regardless of any characteristic or situation.

A

equality

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21
Q

___ out of ___ countries guarantee equality between women and men in their constitutions

A

143 out of 195

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22
Q

women-only writing system in China

A

Nü shu

23
Q

“There is a special place in hell for women who don’t help other women”

A

Madeleine K. Albright, first woman Secretary of State of the United States

24
Q

“What would have become of women in patriarchy without the web of women around, to one side, behind one, in front, leading the way, holding together. What would become of women without women’s love?”

A

Marcela Lagarde y de los Ríos

25
Q

we need women’s networks to ..

A

inspire us with other women we admire as role models, and that this leads us to advance our possibilities.

26
Q

Networks give us…

A

labor mobility horizontally and vertically within companies and governments.

27
Q

It is a political, economic, religious and social system based on the privileges of men over women.

A

patriarchy

28
Q

Patriarchy can be identified over ___ years since ____.

A

2500, Mesopotamia

29
Q

Patriarchy is not ___

A

natural

30
Q

points out that patriarchy as a system is a historical custom

A

Lerner (1994)

31
Q

Patriarchy is no longer….

A

useful to men or women

32
Q

The ____ was first used by men to deny rights for years.

A

generic masculines and plural masculines

33
Q

In feminism, there is a phrase that says:

A

“what is not named does not exist”

34
Q

any act of _ violence that results in actual or threatened physical, sexual or psychological harm, including threats, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life

A

gender-based violence

35
Q

___ has serious psychological and social impacts, as well as on health, productivity and social security

A

gender-based violence

36
Q

__ women are murdered every day in Mexico for gender-related reasons

A

9

37
Q

in Jalisco, ___ women admit to having experienced a situation and/or episode of violence at some time in the last year.

A

8 out of 10

38
Q

types of gender-based violence

A

physical, psychological, sexual, symbolic, and patrimonial and economic

39
Q

salary gap between men and women who hold the same position and have the same responsibilities in Mexico

A

close to 20%

40
Q

The violence to which women have historically been subjected …

A

deepens discrimination and inequality in the different spheres of public and private life and violates one of the fundamental human rights of having the possibility of “living a life free of violence”.

41
Q

It is estimated that each woman loses ___ of paid work and __ of unpaid work annually due to intimate partner violence.

A

30 days, 28 days

42
Q

Estimated cost for workdays lost by women, between October 2015 and October 2016, amounts to __ pesos.

A

4.4 billion

43
Q

Global pandemic

A

violence against women

44
Q

1 in 3 women worldwide

A

will be a victim of physical and/or sexual violence at least once in her lifetime

45
Q

Women represent only ___ of the positions of power, in contrast to men, who represent ___ of these positions.

A

5%, 95%

46
Q

International Working Women’s Day is commemorated on ___

A

March 8th

47
Q

The International Day of the Girl Child is commemorated on __

A

October 11

48
Q

analytical tool that explains the discrimination or privileges that a woman may experience because of other characteristics, such as skin color, social class, ethnicity, religion or disability, in addition to discrimination because of her sex.

A

intersectionality

49
Q

“We exist as subjects in a complex matrix of privileges and oppressions in which numerous categories come into play that shape us: age, skin color, caste, ethnicity, gender, gender expression, nationality, ancestry, socioeconomic class, desire orientation, ability, corporeality, weight, citizenship, religion, language, culture, geographic location, social position, etc. Intersectionality allows us to analyze these multiple features relationally.”

A

Cano Abadía, M. (2018)

50
Q

First indigenous Latin American woman to receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Leading Actress

A

Yalitza Aparicio

51
Q

Children with disabilities

A

are the most vulnerable to sexual violence and are five times more likely to be subjected to abuse than others.

52
Q

Leading cause of dead of young men in mexico

A

motor vehicle accidents

53
Q

OXFAM

A

for its acronym: Oxford Committee for Famine Relief, one of the highly renowned organizations fighting to build the necessary changes to achieve equality

54
Q

French woman who in 1791 wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Citizen

A

Olympe de Gouges

Gender and sexuality (2 decks)

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