quiz 1 Flashcards
The anatomical and physiological difference that divides the human being into two groups. It is composed of all biological, physiological-anatomical elements from chromosomes, hormones and primary characters and secondary characters .
sex
Female sex markers
menstruation, ovulation, breast development and pubic hair.
Male sex markers
the production of sperm, semen and ejaculation, as well as the appearance of hair on the pubis and other parts of the body, deepening of the voice, among others.
Sex is determined by…
chromosomal characteristics, as well as hormonal development
Antecedents of gender (name)
John Money
Money identified that…
sex was a condition independent of sexual identity
took up Money’s studies on sexual identity to propose gender identity as the way of describing oneself and feeling oneself as a woman or a man, independent of the sex of the person.
Robert Stoller (1970s)
created the concept of the sex/gender system by locating in the history and culture of a given society the elements that are socially defined as what a man or woman should be
Gayle Rubin (1975)
___ appears as a way of defining oneself as a person: woman or man, together with the orientation of sexual desire towards another person.
Sexual identity
Women earn, on average, ___less than men
16.5%
Since ___, ___ identified that gender is constructed through power relations establishing an order from which a society establishes mandates that are reinforced with rewards and sanctions, for men’s should be and women’s should be.
(year and name)
1984, Joan Scott
“gender is a constitutive element of social relations based on the differences that distinguish the sexes and gender is a primary form of significant power relations”
Joan Scott
For Scott, gender comprises 4 interrelated elements:
- Culturally available symbols that evoke multiple representations.
- Normative concepts (manifest the interpretations of the meanings of symbols, delimit and contain their metaphorical possibilities)
- These concepts are expressed in religious, educational, scientific, legal and political doctrines
- Social institutions and organizations.
The gender order in these power relations establishes a ___
symbolic inequality
Set of behaviors expected and assigned to one or the other sex from the culture, in a specific society and historical moment.
Gender roles
Generalized opinion or prejudice, or pre-conception about attributes or characteristics that men and women possess or should possess or about the social roles that both perform or should perform
Gender stereotypes
___ is a founding and signifying system of power relations between psychically and socially constituted subjects, based on the sociocultural premises established by that system, which institute differences between subjects, justified and legitimized on the basis of the interpretation of a model of two biological sexes and the possibility of human reproduction underlying that model.
Gender
the way to analyze a social phenomenon, identifying not only the differences between women and men, but also the way in which inequalities are articulated
genderperspective
establishes the need to have the necessary conditions and specific needs met, so that a person can exercise all his or her human rights and achieve his or her objectives, goals and dreams.
equity
determines the need for equal conditions to meet a person’s strategic needs and guarantee the exercise of his or her human rights regardless of any characteristic or situation.
equality
___ out of ___ countries guarantee equality between women and men in their constitutions
143 out of 195
women-only writing system in China
Nü shu
“There is a special place in hell for women who don’t help other women”
Madeleine K. Albright, first woman Secretary of State of the United States
“What would have become of women in patriarchy without the web of women around, to one side, behind one, in front, leading the way, holding together. What would become of women without women’s love?”
Marcela Lagarde y de los Ríos
we need women’s networks to ..
inspire us with other women we admire as role models, and that this leads us to advance our possibilities.
Networks give us…
labor mobility horizontally and vertically within companies and governments.
It is a political, economic, religious and social system based on the privileges of men over women.
patriarchy
Patriarchy can be identified over ___ years since ____.
2500, Mesopotamia
Patriarchy is not ___
natural
points out that patriarchy as a system is a historical custom
Lerner (1994)
Patriarchy is no longer….
useful to men or women
The ____ was first used by men to deny rights for years.
generic masculines and plural masculines
In feminism, there is a phrase that says:
“what is not named does not exist”
any act of _ violence that results in actual or threatened physical, sexual or psychological harm, including threats, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life
gender-based violence
___ has serious psychological and social impacts, as well as on health, productivity and social security
gender-based violence
__ women are murdered every day in Mexico for gender-related reasons
9
in Jalisco, ___ women admit to having experienced a situation and/or episode of violence at some time in the last year.
8 out of 10
types of gender-based violence
physical, psychological, sexual, symbolic, and patrimonial and economic
salary gap between men and women who hold the same position and have the same responsibilities in Mexico
close to 20%
The violence to which women have historically been subjected …
deepens discrimination and inequality in the different spheres of public and private life and violates one of the fundamental human rights of having the possibility of “living a life free of violence”.
It is estimated that each woman loses ___ of paid work and __ of unpaid work annually due to intimate partner violence.
30 days, 28 days
Estimated cost for workdays lost by women, between October 2015 and October 2016, amounts to __ pesos.
4.4 billion
Global pandemic
violence against women
1 in 3 women worldwide
will be a victim of physical and/or sexual violence at least once in her lifetime
Women represent only ___ of the positions of power, in contrast to men, who represent ___ of these positions.
5%, 95%
International Working Women’s Day is commemorated on ___
March 8th
The International Day of the Girl Child is commemorated on __
October 11
analytical tool that explains the discrimination or privileges that a woman may experience because of other characteristics, such as skin color, social class, ethnicity, religion or disability, in addition to discrimination because of her sex.
intersectionality
“We exist as subjects in a complex matrix of privileges and oppressions in which numerous categories come into play that shape us: age, skin color, caste, ethnicity, gender, gender expression, nationality, ancestry, socioeconomic class, desire orientation, ability, corporeality, weight, citizenship, religion, language, culture, geographic location, social position, etc. Intersectionality allows us to analyze these multiple features relationally.”
Cano Abadía, M. (2018)
First indigenous Latin American woman to receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Leading Actress
Yalitza Aparicio
Children with disabilities
are the most vulnerable to sexual violence and are five times more likely to be subjected to abuse than others.
Leading cause of dead of young men in mexico
motor vehicle accidents
OXFAM
for its acronym: Oxford Committee for Famine Relief, one of the highly renowned organizations fighting to build the necessary changes to achieve equality
French woman who in 1791 wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Citizen
Olympe de Gouges
