Quiz 2

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics process through the body

Answer 1

1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion

Question 2

Liver

Answer 2

Primary metabolism

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood

Question 4

Rate determines

Answer 4

How soon effects will take place/how fast the body absorbs

Question 5

Amount determines

Answer 5

How intense the effects will be

Question 6

Factors affecting the process of absorption

Answer 6

-rate of dissolution
-surface area
-blood flow
-lipid solubility
-pH partitioning
-route of administration

Question 7

Rate of dissolution

Answer 7

-rate something is dissolved
-the quicker the drug dissolves, the quicker the effects

Question 8

Surface Area

Answer 8

-where the drug is absorbed
-the larger the surface area, the quicker the absorption of drug

Question 9

Blood flow

Answer 9

Better blood flow = quicker, better absorption of drug

Question 10

Lipid solubility

Answer 10

A cellular membrane that is made of lipids absorbs the drug more quickly

Question 11

Routes of administration

Answer 11

-two groups
-enteral (GI Tract)= SLOWER!
-parenteral (outside GI tract)= FASTER!
Intravenous= FASTEST!

Question 12

Distribution

Answer 12

The movement of drugs throughout the body
*dependent on blood flow!!!

Question 13

Special factors/considerations in drug metabolism

Answer 13

-Age: metabolism & liver function slows down with age
-Nutritional status: weight/empty stomach
-First-pass effect: certain drugs that are completely metabolized by liver the 1st time they pass through
-competition between drugs

Question 14

Excretion

Answer 14

-the removal of drugs from the body
-kidneys!!!*
-can exit through: bile, urine/feces, sweat/saliva, breast milk, expired air

Question 15

Keep drugs between two important levels

Answer 15

-minimum effective concentration: barely effective
&
-toxic concentration
-in between: therapeutic range!!*

Question 16

Drug half-life

Answer 16

-determines how often drug is administered
-amount of time for % of drug in body to decrease 50% *

Question 17

Plateau

Answer 17

Semi-steady state of drug in body

Question 18

Peak

Answer 18

-less than toxic
-usually 1-2 hours after the last dose

Question 19

Trough

Answer 19

-greater than MEC
-seconds before giving meds

Question 20

Loading and maintenance

Answer 20

Loading- load them up on a big dose/increase the drug in the body
THEN
Maintenance-small dose once a day, lower dose in body

Question 21

Dose-Response Relationship

Answer 21

Relationship between the SIZE of an administered dose and the INTENSITY of the response produced

Question 22

ED50

Answer 22

Average effective dose, dose effective in 50% of animals tested

Question 23

LD50

Answer 23

Lethal affected dose
dose affected in 50% of animals

Question 24

ED50 + LD50 =

Answer 24

Therapeutic index

Question 25

Therapeutic index

Answer 25

Safe= broad index

Unsafe= small index

Question 26

Drug-Drug interactions

Answer 26

-Potentiate: intensifies the effects
-Inhibit: reduce the effects
-New response: effect not seen with single drug alone

Question 27

Short acting Beta-Agonists

Answer 27

-rescue inhalers
Goal- dilate/open airways

Question 28

Agonist

Answer 28

Goes with something

Question 29

Albuterol

Answer 29

Most common

Question 30

Bronchodilator

Answer 30

Fast acting

Question 31

Beta-agonists side effects

Answer 31

-Beta: gets things going
-tachycardia
-anxiety and tremors
-insomnia

Question 32

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 32

-broad spectrum antibiotic that is commonly used for respiratory disorders
-ends in “oxacin” (levofloxacin)

Question 33

Fluoroquinolones indications

Answer 33

-broad spectrum bacterial antibiotics
-good for bacterial respiratory infections (TB, bacterial pneumonia)
-can treat some strep and staph infections
-UTIs

Question 34

Fluoroquinolones side effects

Answer 34

-joint pain
-c diff
-liver toxicity
-renal failure
-prolonged QT syndrome
-Achilles Tendon Rupture*

Question 35

Corticosteroids

Answer 35

-respiratory
-ends in “sone” or “olone”

Question 36

Corticosteroids indications

Answer 36

-reduce inflammation (pain, bronchodilation, inflammatory injuries)
-suppress the immune system (makes you feel better, allergic reactions, infectious responses)

Question 37

Corticosteroids side effects

Answer 37

-tons of side effects
-increased appetite/weight gain
-easy bruising
-high BP
-restlessness

*REQUIRES WEANING, never stop abruptly