quiz 2 Flashcards
maternal depression and anxiety is related to which outcomes in the child
preterm birth and lower birth weight
cortisol
stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps the body direct energy resources during stress response
describe the study on infants exposure to stress and learning with the buttons
two groups - acute stress vs no stress
learning phase - experimenter shows baby how to press buttons A and B separately (only one at a time)
habit acquisition - infant given access to only one of the buttons which they can press as much as they want
test phase - babe has acess to both buttons but neither works anymore, looking at how long they press the button they were habituated to before trying the new button
what were the two statistical analyses done on the baby stress and button habituation experiment
anovas:
2 (cortisol before and after stresor) x 2 (stress no stress)
3 ( time 0-10, 10-20, 20-30) x 2 (stress, no stress)
what were the findings of the baby stress and button experiment
elevated cortisol levels in the stress group, the no stress group touched the habituated button less during the 20-30s period.
the study on the impacts of maternal (prenatal) stress on cognitive outcomes in the child found…
increases in maternal stress during the pre-natal period result in:
- decreased gross and fine motor skills, lessened adaptive behaviour, inappropriate social behaviour development
all of this independent of post-natal stress
if a baby has an absent mother in the post-natal period, they are more likely to..
have increased emotional reactivity and more likely to internalize emotions, and have poorer cognitive skills
time spent playing video games was positively associated with measures of which attention subskill
selective attention
in the study looking at video games, mother SES, and cognitive outcomes…
higher video game usage was associated with good intellectual functioning and academic achievement
moderate usage associated with prosocial deficits
those who had stressed mothers or mothers with lower SES were less likely to play a lot
four different cognitive functions targeted by video games utilized in kindergartens
1) working memory
2) inhibitory control
3) reasoning
4) mental rotation
when video games were used in kindergartens to improve cognitive functioning, which tasks were shown to improve
working memory and fluid intelligence
children in low SES settings demonstrated improvements in cognitive flexibility
what were the effects of increasing video game frequency on the social competence of children
less social adaptive skills, more difficulties in daily functioning, less prosocial behaviour, more behavioural problems
what is potentially the most damaging stressor on the neurodevelopmental functioning of a child
Untreated parental depression
can lead to diminished executive functioning, and diminished self-regulatory capacities
personal attributes that contribute to resiliency include
self-efficacy, emotional regulation, personal temperament
family and cultural factors that foster resiliency
parental emotional suppourt, cognitive stimulation, parent-child attachment style, school suppourt, peer suppourt, community cohesion
