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KIN 255 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fastest conducting afferent neurons

A

Proprioceptive afferent neurons

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2
Q

What do proprioceptive afferent neurons do

A

they take information that the motor system uses to perform rapid actions

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3
Q

What are among the slowest conducting afferent neurons

A

Nociceptive afferent neurons

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4
Q

The afferent Neuron: Somatosensory

What are mechanoreceptors in the somatosensory system

A

Specialized cells that project to an afferent neuron or are actually part of the afferent neuron itself

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5
Q

The afferent Neuron: Somatosensory

What affects how fast the afferent information reaches the CNS? (conduction speed)

A
  1. Amount of insulation (myelin)
  2. Diameter of axon
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6
Q

The afferent Neuron: Somatosensory

How does insulation impact conduction speed

A

The insulation prevents ions from leaking out of the axon and forces ions to move along the axon

(more insulation = faster)

A types are insulted

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7
Q

The afferent Neuron: Somatosensory

How does diameter impact conduction speed

A

larger diameter provides more room for ions to flow unobstructed along axon (larger = quicker)

(larger diameter = quicker)

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8
Q

Afferent fiber classification:

Classify Cutaneous mechanoreceptors

A

Group II (A - beta)

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9
Q

Afferent fiber clasification:

Classify Muscle spindles

2 types

A

Dynamic: Group Ia (A-alpha)
Static: Group II (A-beta)

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10
Q

Afferent fiber clasification:

Classify Golgi tendon organs (GTO)

A

Group 1b (A-alpha)

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11
Q

Afferent fiber clasification:

Classify Joint receptors

A

Group II (A-beta)

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12
Q

Afferent fiber clasification:

Classify Free Nerve endings

2 types

A
  • Group III (A-delta)
  • Group IV (C-fiber)
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13
Q

Afferent fiber clasification:

Rank Afferent fiber clasification from fastest to slowest

A

A-alpha -> A-beta -> A-delta -> C-fibres

Group Ia and Ib -> Group II -> Group III -> Group IV

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14
Q

The afferent Neuron: Somatosensory

Explain the afferent neuron

A
  • receptors transform stimulus into AP
  • afferent neuron = sensory neuron
  • sensory neuron is pathway in PNS
  • Synapse of sensory neuron and CNS is the pathway and processing in CNS
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15
Q

The afferent Neuron: Somatosensory

Afferent projections to CNS

(where do they project, where do they converge, what does this generate)

A

Afferent projections travel to specific grey matter regions in CNS that are specific for 1 sensory modality.
Sensory info from multiple modalities eventually converges in associated areas to generate unified percept of action

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16
Q

Where is somatosensory info

A

Parietal lobe

1st gyrus, very front

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17
Q

Where is auditory information

A

Temporal lobe

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18
Q

Where is visual information

A

Occipital lobe

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19
Q

what is used for action control

what cotex

A

Parietal cortex

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20
Q

What is used for perception

A

inferior temporal lobe

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21
Q

What is divergence

A
  • Same input separates to multiple locations
  • divides equally across all channels (like current)
  • Most neurons will impact more than 1 neuron (divergence)
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22
Q

What is convergence

A

Multiple inputs project to a common location

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23
Q

What is topographic

A

ordered projection of a sensory surface (like retina or skin) within nuclei (neurons) in CNS

Found throughtout all levels of CNS

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24
Q

What is ipsilateral

A

Belonging to or occuring from the same side of the body

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25
Q

What is contralateral

A

Belonging to or occuring from the opposite side of the body

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26
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

What are the 2 parallel pathways the optic nerve projects

A
  1. Geniculostriate Visual System
  2. Tectopulvinar Visual System
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27
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

Describe the geniculostriate visual system (including pathway)

A
  • 90 % of fibers
  • Primary visual pathway

Retina -> Lateral geniculate (LGN) thalamic nucleus -> Primary visual (V1) cortex

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28
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

Describe the tectopulvinar visual system (including pathway)

A
  • 10% of fibres
  • secondary visual pathway (vision for action)

Retina -> Superior Colliculus (midbrain) -> Pulvinar nucleus of thalamus

Superior Colliculus is involved in eye movement

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29
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

When does the optic nerve become the optic tract and what happens here

A

After the optic chiasm
after which left side represents right visual field ad vice versa

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30
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

What is on the fovea

A

The point of fixation (object directly in focus)

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31
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

What is Retnotopic organization

A
  • location of stimulus on retina is preserved with high affinity from retina to primary visual cortex (retinotopic maps)
  • Retinotopic maps are still present in secondary visual cortex and association cortec, just more abstract
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32
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

What is the visual field

A

Part of the visual environment that can be detected by both eyes

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33
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

What is a hemifield

A

Left or right half of visual field
* Left hemifield = right thalamus/V1
* Right hemifield = left thalamus/V1

Both eyes capture most of the visual field

V1 is a mirror is visual environment
Upper visual field is represented in the inferior part of the cortex

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34
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

What is monocular hemianopia

A

Complete loss of vision in one eye due to damage of the ipsilateral optic nerve

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35
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

What is the optic tract (where does it bring info)

A

the bundle of nerves relaying visual information from optic chiasm to LGN thalamic Nucleus

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36
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

What are the 2 visual cortical pathways

A
  1. Dorsal stream
  2. Ventral stream
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37
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

Exlpain the dorsal stream

A
  • Visual areas relate the visual environment (spatial locomotion, motion) to the body
  • Vision for action (where, how)
  • Parietal lobe
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38
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

Exlpain the ventral stream

A
  • Visual areas emphasize object recognition and classification
  • Vision forperception (what)
  • Temporal lobe
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39
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Visual System

What is Prospagnosia

A

A disorder characterized by the inability to recognize faces

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40
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Vestibular System

What nerve do the vestibular axons form and where do they project to?

A

They form the vestibular nerve (cranial nerve VIII) and directly project to:
* Ipsilateral vestibular nuclei
* Ipsilateral cerebellum

Cranial nerves do not run through spinal cord

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41
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Vestibular System

describe ipsilateral vestibular nuclei (where are they located)

A
  • Located in pons and medulla
  • 4 nuclei that make up vestibular nuclear complex
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42
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Vestibular System

What do vestibular nuclei do

A

Relay vestibular signals to cerebellum, cortex (via thalamus) and brain stem nuclei that send efferent signals to eye muscles

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43
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

Describe somatosensory nerves

A
  • Somatosensory nerves (except from head) enter spinal cord via dorsal horn
  • Somatosensory nerves layer to form ascending pathways but also have many divergent projections in spinal cord
  • Divergent projections facilitate reflexes and coordination among muscle groups

Nerves from head form trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V which does not entre through spinal cord)

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44
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

Where are motor neuron cell bodies

A

inside spinal cord on ventral side

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45
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

Where are sensory neuron cell bodies

A

outside spinal cord on dorsal side (dorsal root ganglion)

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46
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What are the 3 pathways/tracts in the somatosensory system

A
  1. Posterior column
  2. Spinothalamic
  3. Spinocerebellar
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47
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What does the Posterior Column pathway convey

Crosses midline?

A
  • Fine touch
  • Vibration
  • Proprioceptive afferent info

Does not cross midline in spinal cord (crosses in medulla)

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48
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What are the different neurons in Posterior Column

A
  • Third order neuron
  • Second order neuron
  • first order neuron
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49
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What is a third order neuron

Posterior column

A

axon that projects from thalamic nucleus to primary somatosensory cotrex

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50
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What is a second order neuron

Posterior column

A

axon that crosses body midline in medulla and projects to thalamic nucleus

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51
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What is a first order neuron

Posterior column

A

Axon that projects from receptor to medulla

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52
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What is the spinothalamic pathway divided into

A
  1. Anterior spinothalamic tract
  2. Lateral spinothalamic tract

Collectively these are nociceptor axons

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53
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What does the spinothalamic pathway convey

crosses midline?

A

touch, temp and pain (includes nociceptor axons)

Crosses midline immediately after entering spinal cord

54
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

Explain the Anterior spinothalamic tract

A
  • Anterior-medial part of spinothalamic path
  • Conveys crude, poorly localized info about touch
55
Q

Explain Lateral spinothalamic tract

A
  • Lateral part
  • Info about noxious stimuli and temp
56
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What does the spinocereballar pathway convey

crosses midline?

A

proprioceptive info from limbs

Only ventral spinocerebellar tract crosses midline in spinal cord, others don’t at all

57
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What can the spinocerebellar be divided into

A
  1. Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT)
  2. Rostral spinocerebellar tract (RSCT
  3. Ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT)
58
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

Explain the dorsal spinocerebellar tract

A
  • projects into inferior peduncle of cerebellum
  • proprioceptive info from lower limbs (spindle fibres via Ia afferent neurons)
59
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

Explain the rostral spinocerebellar tract

A
  • projects into inferior peduncle of cerebellum
  • proprioceptive info from upper limbs
60
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

Explain the ventral spinocerebellar tract

A
  • projects into to superior peduncle of cerebellum
  • proprioceptive info from lower limbs (GTO via Ib afferent neurons)
  • Crosses midline in spinal cord
61
Q

Peripheral and central pathways: Somatosensory

What is a peduncle

A

Thick stock/bundle of axons

62
Q

Where do Ia afferent fibres originate from

A

Primary endings of muscle spindles, originate from 1 axon

63
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is stimulus evoked behaviour

A

Behaviour evoked as an automatic and relatively immediate consequence of sensory stimulus

Many are examples of relfexes

  • Involuntary meaning compulsory/without will (not correct term)
  • Automatice meaning occuring spontaniously/without conscious though/intention
64
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What are the types of stimulus evoked responses

A
  1. Stimulus driven
  2. Stimulus released
65
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What does stimulus driven mean

A

The stimulus defines the characteristics of the response

66
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What does stimulus released mean

A

The characteristics of response can be independant of the stimulus characteristics

67
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is a reflex

A

a reflex is produced as a direct, automatic and relatively immediate response to stimulation of specific sensory inputs

68
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

How can we measure different elements of stimulus/response

A
  • Behavioural measures of stimulus response process (timing, accuracy, stimulus-response characteristic, response modifiability)
  • Electrophysiology assessment of stimulus response pathways (H-reflex, evoked potentials, brain hemodynamics, non-invasive brain stimulation)
69
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is the time within the nervous system comprised of:

A
  • Conduction time
  • Synapse time
70
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is conduction time

A

Time to conduct along axons of afferent (and efferent) pathways

71
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is synapse time

A

Time for info to be exchanged by neurons (processing time)

More synapses = more delay

72
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is response time

A

time between stimulus onset and movement outcome (reaction time + movement time)

ex. lights turn red -> brakes get pushed

aka response reaction time

73
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is reaction time

A

Time between stimulus onset and onset motor system response

ex. light turns red -> Movement of muscle starts

aka premotor time or latency

74
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is movement time

A

time between onset of motor system response and movement outcome

ex. movement of muscle starting -> brakes get pushed

75
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What are factors that influence reaction time

A
  1. Task complexity/difficulty
  2. Stimulus-response compatability
  3. Stimulus modality
  4. Stimulus intensity and predictability
76
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

How does task complexity influence reaction time

A

* More response choices = longer reaction time (Hick’s law)
* Hicks law is prevalent in life
* Keep it simple stupid (KISS) principle is a manifestation of Hick’s law

77
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

How does stimulus-response compatibility influence reaction time

A

Reaction time is quicker the more straightforward it is to relate to the stimulus (on avg)

ex click left button when screen says left vs click right button when screen says left

78
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

How does stimulus modality influence reaction time

A

Stimulus modalities take different amounts of time to be identified and associated to appropriate responce
(process time, conduction time (aud vs tactile) and movement time (#of synapses) not same

Visual is slowest?

79
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

How does stimulus intensity and predictability influence reaction time

A
  • the more intense the stimulus energy, the quicker the reaction time
  • Knowing when a specific response will be required (predictability) leads to quicker response times (can preload responses)
80
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is a monosynaptic arc

A

Sensory neuron synapses directly with motor neuron

81
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is a disynaptic arc

A

sensory neuron acts on motor neuron via interneuron

2 synapses: sesory to inter and inter to motor

82
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is a polysynaptic arc

A

Pathway involving multiple interneurons between sensory and motor

Can include a mix of mono, di and polysynaptic arcs

83
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is an interneuron

A

Neuron that transmitts impulses between other neurons

Can transmit or modify the nature of the incoming signal

84
Q

Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

What is an inhibitory neuron

A

Neuron that, when excited, exerts a suppressive effect on next neuron

85
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

What are extrafusal muscle fibers

A

muscle fibers responsible for generating contractile force (movement)

86
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

What are intrafusal muscle fibers

A

specialized muscle fibres that detect muscle stretch (sense)

87
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

Why do the afferent nerves of a monosynaptic reflexe diverge to act on many motor neurons?

A

Because there are substantially more extrafusal compared to intrafusal fibres in a muscle. Therefore, the afferent nerves diverge, innervating different extrafusal fibres when muscle is stretched

1 intrafusal innervates many extrafusal

88
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

What does agonist, synergist and antagonist mucsles mean

A
  1. Agonist: Main muscle that is excited (sensory neuron originates here)
  2. Synergist: secondary excited muscle
  3. Antagonist: main muscle that is inhibited
89
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

Which pathways are monosynaptic and which are disynaptic

agonist, synergist and antagonist

A

Monosynaptic: Agonist and synergist
Disynaptic: antagonist

90
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

Describe Homonymous reflex pathway

which muscle pathway is homonynous?

A

Afferent exitation os sensory neuron acts to excite a motor neuron that projects to the same muscle from which the sensory neuron originated

agonist monosynaptic pathway is homonymous

91
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

Describe heteronymous reflex pathway

A

Afferent excitation of sensory neuron acts to excite/inhibit motor neuron that projects to a different muscle

Synergist monosynaptic pathway and antagonist disynaptic pathway is heteronymous

92
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

Describe alpha motor neurons

A

alpha motor neurons innervate extrafusal fibers to shorthen (increase AP) or lengthen (decrease AP) the fiber

Alpha motor neurons are sometimes just referred to as motor neurons

93
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

Describe Gamma Motor neurons

A

Gamma motor neurons innervate special segments at each end of intrafusal fibers to keep them taught (stretch endings out) as muscle contracts

94
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

  1. What is the system of gamma motor neurons and spindle fibers called?
  2. What is the effect of gamma motor neurons on spindle fibers called?
A
  1. Fusimotor system
  2. Fusimotor drive
95
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

How is receptor potential generated

in context of motor neurons and spindle fibers

A

By stretching forces that pull ion channels open.

no receptor potential will occur if spindle fiber folds in on itself, even if muscle is lengthening, until after it becomes taught again (this is why gamma motor neurons are important)

96
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

What is Alpha-gamma coactivation

A

coordinated action of alpha and gamma motor neurons during muscle contraction

97
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

What is tonic or fusimotor bias

A

the increase in spindle fiber tension through coordinated action of alpha and gamma motor neurons

98
Q

Monosynaptic or simple reflexes

How can the stimulus-response relationship of simple reflexes be modified

A
  1. Change in gamma motor activity (changes in spindle sensitivity; changing alpha-gamma relationship will alter taughtness [same stretch result in weaker afferent response])
  2. Inhibit reflex (decrease strength effect of sensory afferent motor neuron [gain])
  3. Facilitate reflex (increase gain at the sensory motor synapse)
99
Q

What is the Hoffman (H-) reflex

A

a common neurophysiological tool to assess stimulus-response characteristics on the myotactic reflex pathway.
The H-reflex amplitude is sensitive to intensity of elec. stimulus

100
Q

H-reflex vs. M-wave

A

H-reflex: motor response elicited by electrical stimulation of afferent sensory nerve
M-wave: motor response elicited by electrical stimulation of efferent motor nerve (skipping sensory nerve, therefore faster)

Waves will cancel each other out, as M gets bigger and bigger, H is cancelled

101
Q

Simple reflexes

What is the Inverse myotatic reflex

A

strong excitation of Ib afferent (gamma motor) due to extreme muscle tension overrides alpha motor neuron excitation [less excitation] of muscles (via inhibitory interneuron)

aka Golgi tendon organ (GTO) reflex

102
Q

simple reflexes

Is the inverse myotatic reflex always inhibitory?

A

No, it is state dependant.
* inhibitory when at rest
* facilitory when muscle is contracted

103
Q

Simple reflexes

What is the withdrawal reflex

A
  • a polysynaptic spinal reflex that requires ipsilateral and contralateral muscle coordination
  • Ipsilateral contracts to withdraw, contralateral extends to stabalize/balance
  • Nociceptor pathway (somatosensory)
  • movement is faster than nociceptor so reflex will occur before perception of pain
104
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

Describe foval vision/fovea

A
  • Fovea is responsible for high-accuity (sharpness of vision)
  • Portion of retina with highest desity of cones
  • Foval vision is middle 5 degrees around point of fixation
  • point of foval vision can be changed by moving eyes
105
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is the visual axis

A

The straight line path from the light that is directed to fovea

106
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is the optical axis

A

The straight line path through geometrical centre of lens

107
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is direction of gaze

A

Direction of visual axis relative to environment

108
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is gaze angle

A

Angular measurement of direction of gaze in horizontal or vertical plane

109
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What are eye movement effectors

A

Extraocular muscles that control horizontal, vertical and rotational movement of eyes

110
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What are the 3 cranial nerves that innervate eye movement effectors

A
  1. Abducens nerve (VI)
  2. Oculomotor nerve (III)
  3. Trochlear nerve (IV)
111
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

Which muscles/effectors does the Abducens innervate

A

Lateral rectus muscle

112
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

which muscles/effectors does the oculomotor nerve innervate

A
  • Medial rectus
  • superior rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • inferior oblique
113
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What are the 2 classifiactions of eye movement

A
  1. Conjugate (or version)
  2. Disconjugate (or vergence)
114
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is conjugate/version eye movement

A

Coordintated eye movement in the same direction through the same angle

115
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is disconjugate/vergence eye movement

A

Coordinated eye movement in the opposite direction through the mirrored angles

ex going cross-eyed. looking down towards nose

116
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What are the 5 classes of eye movement

A
  1. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
  2. Optokinetic reflex
  3. Saccades
  4. Smooth pursuit
  5. Vergence
117
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

A

Stabalizes gaze in response to head rotation

118
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is optokinetic reflex

A

Combination of slow and fast eye movements to keep a moving scene stationary on retina

119
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What are saccedes

A

Rapid ballistic eye movements of both eyes that change point of fixation

900 degrees/second, ~175 miles/hour

120
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is smooth persuit

A

eye movements to keep eyes fixated on moving object

121
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

What is vergence

A

Coordinated movement of both eyes to obtain or maintain binocular vision

122
Q

Stimulus evoked behaviours: Eye movements

VOR (head moving with fixed vision example)

A
  • eyes move in opposite direction of head, gaze is constant
  • since eyes move with head, they counterrotate to cancel out rotation (rotate same amount in opposite direction)
  • Hair cells in semicircular canals signal head movements
  • One nucleus moves eye 1 in lateral direction and coordinates with another nucleus to move eye 2 in medial direction

ex: head turns left. therefore eyes move right. Agonist muscles are active/contracting (left medial rectus, right lateral rectus to move eyes to the right). Antagonist muscles inhibited/relaxing to prevent leftward rotation (left lateral rectus and right medial are inhibited)

[contraction = more excitable motor nucleus]

123
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What are the 2 types of saccades

A
  1. Exogenously driven (external stimulus) [ex. light flashing and you subconciously look]
  2. Endogenously driven (consiously doing it/ internal stimulus) [ex. scanning a crowd]
124
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What are the 2 types of exogenously driven saccades

A
  1. Express saccades
  2. Prosaccades (reflex) saccades
125
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What are express saccades

A
  • eye movement for function (like balance; less common)
  • Stimulus-response pathway Bypass cortex
  • very quick to initiate (70 - 100 ms)
126
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What are prosaccades (reflex saccades)

A
  • Stimulus response pathway traverses cortex
  • still quick but route through cortex slows it (150 - 200 ms)
  • Looking in response to visual stimulus such as light flashes in peripheral vision
127
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What is true about all endogenously driven saccades

A
  • they involve the parietal and prefrontal cortecies
  • More complex behaviour = more complex cortical pathway
  • self directed/conscious/by choice
128
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What are the 4 types of endogenously driven saccades

A
  • Predictive saccades
  • Memory guided saccades
  • Anti-saccades
  • Saccade sequence
129
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What are Predictive saccades

A

Eye movement to point in space where stimulus is expected but isn’t yet

130
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What are memory guided saccades

A

eye movement to a point in space where Stimulus was but isnt anymore

131
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What are Anti-saccades

A

Eye movement on opposite direction of stimulus (requires inhibition of reflexive saccades)

132
Q

Eye movements: Saccades

What are Saccade sequences

A

learned order of eye movements to fixate on series of points in space

KIN 255 (6 decks)

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