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CSAD 110 - Physics of Sound & Phonetics > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical Properties of Sound

A
  • Period
  • Intensity
  • Time
  • Velocity
  • Frequency
    -Wavelength
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2
Q

Velocity

A

speed in a certain direction
(sound travels faster on a hot day than on a cold day)

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3
Q

When in normal atmospheric conditions sound travels through air at approximately…

A

1130 ft per second

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4
Q

Wavelength

A
  • the length of a sound wave is the distance in space that one cycle occupies
  • depends on two factors, the frequency of the vibration and the velocity of the sound wave
  • we can measure it from any point in one cycle to the same point in the next cycle.
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5
Q

Higher frequency sounds =

A

shorter wavelength, occupy less space for each cycle than lower frequency sounds

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6
Q

FO =

A

Fundamental Frequency

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7
Q

Software for acoustic analysis…

A
  • TS-32
  • Visipitch
    -Sona speech program
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8
Q

Resonance

A

natural resonant frequency (harmonics)

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9
Q

Name two resonators

A
  • Nose
  • Vocal Tract
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10
Q

Intensity/Amplitude (physical)

A

The amplitude of the vibration, which is the extent of particle displacement, is an indication of the intensity or power of the sound. measured in decibel (dB)

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11
Q

Loudness (perceptual)

A

the loudness of a signal is directly related to its intensity, so as intensity increases, the sound is judged by listeners to be louder

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12
Q

Pitch (perceptual)

A

As frequencies get higher it takes a larger change in frequency to cause a change in the sensation of pitch (mels)

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13
Q

mechanical Resonator

A

Vocal folds

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14
Q

Acoustic resonator

A

a body that contains air will resonate in response to sound containing frequencies that match the resonant frequencies of that body of air

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15
Q

Source Filter Theory

A
  • Glottal Source
  • Frequency response of neutral vocal tract: filter
  • Filtered Output
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16
Q

Fourier Analysis

A

Creates a spectral plot-amplitude X frequency. The frequencies and amplitudes of the simpler waves (harmonic components) that make up waveforms are this delineated

17
Q

Linear Predictive Coding

A

Analyzes the complex, constantly changing speech signal into a few values called parameters which change relatively slowly. Predictions can be made about sounds that might come next.

18
Q

Muscle Movement (EMG)

A
  • Records the electrical activity of muscles
  • Measures level of activity
19
Q

Physiological Measurements

A
  • Laryngeal electromyography
  • manometer (respiratory system)
  • Spirometer (measures lung volume)
  • Pneumotachograph (measures airflow)
20
Q

Articulatory Analysis

A
  • X-ray
  • Palatometer
21
Q

2 types of videostroboscopies

A
  • Endoscopy
  • Rigid Scope
22
Q

Perceptual Properties of Sound

A
  • Pitch
    -Loudness
23
Q

Tests for articulation

A
  • GFTA-2
  • CAAP
  • PAT-3
24
Q

Equation for wave length in normal atmospheric conditions…

A

(A symbol) = c/f
- c: 1130 ft (velocity)
- f: frequency

25
Q

Lowest resonant frequency (LRF)

A

The lowest frequency in a sequence

26
Q

Harmonics versus resident harmonic/frequency

A

Harmonics happen because of the vocal fold vibrating together.

Resident harmonics happen because your mouth shaped the sound.

27
Q

Relationship of frequency to wave length

A

Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other

The wave with the greatest frequency has the shortest wave length

28
Q

Boundary behaviors

A

When a wave hits a solid surface inverts from positive to negative

Soft surfaces, absorb energy and hard ones reflect

29
Q

Interferene

A

Signals of the same frequency can interfere with each other

Often happens when the same frequency is generated from two sources, or when the signal is reflected from a barrier, such as a wall, and competes with itself

30
Q

Man, general fundamental frequency

A

100 Hz

31
Q

Woman, general fundamental frequency

A

200 Hz

32
Q

Child, fundamental frequency

A

300 Hz

33
Q

How to calculate, lowest resonant frequency (LRF)

A

F = C/4L
(Ex. (1130/4x2.3) = 1473 Hz)

34
Q

How to calculate F2 and F3

A

F2 = LRFx3
F3 = LRFx5

35
Q

Harmonics are

A

Whole number multiples

36
Q

Resonant Harmonics are

A

Odd number multiples

37
Q

Resonant Harmonics Sine waves go in

A

the same direction and increase the intensity/amplitude of sound, if they crash together they cancel out

CSAD 110 - Physics of Sound & Phonetics (4 decks)

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