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Astronomy 3L > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Split sunlight with prisms, created larger prism in 1800s that could observe 574 dark lines in continuous spectrum. Combination prism and telescope allowed spectra moon, mars, Venus, later used diffraction gratings

A

Newton/Fraunhofer

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2
Q

Can be thought of as electromagnetic waves, periodic disturbances of electric/magnetic fields. Color is frequency, brightness is height of crest

A

Nature of light

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3
Q

Radio waves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma rays

A

EM scale

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4
Q

Blocks radiation other than radio, visual, and some UV/infrared

A

Earth’s ozone layer

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5
Q

Distribution of wavelength

A

Spectra

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6
Q

An object emits electromagnetic radiation if its temperature is above absolute zero

A

Thermal spectra

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7
Q

T x ymax=constant, determines max wavelength

A

Wein’s law

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8
Q

only electromagnetic radiation of frequencies unique to substance producing light. Colored lines

A

Emission spectrum

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9
Q

Dark lines in a continuous thermal spectrum, occurs when a continuous source of light passes through material like cold gas

A

Absorption spectrum

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10
Q

Light can behave like waves or a particle with no mass photon. When an electrons orbit is changed with a receiving of energy

A

Why spectrum works

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11
Q

CNatures way of getting packets of energy from one place to another

A

Light

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12
Q

An atom with one electron and one proton. The electron doesn’t need to climb to first energy state only, can by absorbing energy to climb to higher states

A

Bohr’s model

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13
Q

Applied to any main sequence star for which a spectrum can be recorded (star must be bright, reliable up to 10k pc)

A

Spectroscopic parallax

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14
Q

could only go out 500-1000pc

A

Parallax

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15
Q

Director of Wilson observatory, studied spectral and attempted to correlate spectral lines to absolute magnitude

A

Walter S Adams

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16
Q

Walter’s assistant

A

Ernst Kohlshutter

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17
Q

Relates numbers and difference of spectral lines/different stars as well as temperature. Discovered by Annie Jump Cannon

A

Harvard college observatory spectral classes

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18
Q

Finds the diameter relating to the stars luminosity, radius, and temperature

A

Stefan Boltzmann law, L/L=R/R(T/T)^4

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19
Q

Discovered a relationship between spectral classes and luminosity of stars, plotted this, and found the relationship.

A

Hertzprung and Russel

20
Q

Large yellow stars, less than 700. Periods ranging 3-50 days, radiates 10k as much energy as the sun, brightness varies .01-2 mangitude

A

Cepheid variable stars

21
Q

Low amplitude cepheid variable

A

Polaris

22
Q

Investigated 100s of Cepheids in Magellanic clouds, discovered the brightest cepheids always had longest periods, and correlated its median luminosity (absolute magnitude) with their period

A

Henrietta Leavitt

23
Q

Discovered variable stars in the whirlpool nebulae, and that galaxies are moving away from us

A

Hubble

24
Q

Established nebulae were external galaxies far away

A

Period luminosity relationship

25
Q

Can be observed 30 or so in the nearest galaxies and serve as a rung on the cosmic distance estimation ladder

A

brightest cepheids

26
Q

From earth, 2.5 times brighter than next highest magnitude

A

Apparent brightness

27
Q

10pc from the sun observed

A

Absolute magnitude

28
Q

Masses from .1-200m, luminosity 10^-6-10^6L, temperature 1/3-100T, radii 1/100-100R

A

HR diagram

29
Q

Normal, 90%, 1-70M. Hot, dense cores that produce energy from hydrogen and helium

A

Main sequence stars

30
Q

Small and hot, bottom left, peculiar. MS after using up nuclear fuel

A

White dwarf

31
Q

Large and cool, middle right, peculiar. In the final stages of stellar evolution, our star will become this

A

Red giants

32
Q

Large and cool, top, peculiar. Develop when MS runs out of hydrogen

A

Supergiants

33
Q

Search for causes, astrophysics

A

Stellar structure

34
Q

Spherical hot gas in equilibrium, density light but gaseous

A

Stars

35
Q

Nt, governs gravitational once, thus condition of equilibrium. Stars on the MS identical in composition, different temperature, diameter, and luminosity due to mass

A

Mass

36
Q

Source of stellar energies, proton-proton or carbon cycle

A

Nuclear reactions

37
Q

Departs from here when hydrogen is used up. Will not remain static, will change

A

Main sequence leaving

38
Q

Uses proton proton cycle and stays for billions of years

A

Low mass

39
Q

Uses carbon cycle and will leave in a million

A

High mass stars

40
Q

A supernova from a star up to 50 times the mass of the sun. Comes from the rapid collapse

A

Type 2 supernova

41
Q

Takes matter from a neighboring star until a nuclear reaction is triggered

A

Type 1 supernova

42
Q

American astronomer who provided high quality photographs and discovered a comet

A

Milton Humason

43
Q

Indicate a wider frequency of wavelength in the radiation of an object due to emission or absorption

A

Broadening spectral lines

44
Q

Indicator of whether a star or galaxy is moving towards or away from us, with light stretching blue when towards and red when away

A

Doppler effect

45
Q

Wavelength of stars and galaxies are stretched to red, meaning that space is expanding

A

Cosmological redshift

46
Q

Splitting a spectral line into two or more different frequencies when in a magnetic field

A

Zeeman effect

Astronomy 3L (4 decks)

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