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Astronomy 3L > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A unit of angular measuring, the distance travelled in one minute

A

Arc minute

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2
Q

A unit of angular measuring, the distance travelled in one second

A

Arc second

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3
Q

Approximate distance from the center of the earth to the center of the sun

A

Astronomical unit

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4
Q

The distance light travels in one year

A

Light year

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5
Q

A unit used to measure distances to stars and galaxies, equal to 3.26 light years. Stars in the suns neighborhood are this distance apart

A

Parsec

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6
Q

The apparent difference of an object as seen from different places, how stellar distances are measured

A

Stellar Parallax

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7
Q

The first to find reliable values for the distances to other stars from our sun using parallax

A

Friedrich Bessel

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8
Q

An arc around two foci, the shape of an orbit

A

Ellipse

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9
Q

Half of the axis running through the foci

A

Semi major axis

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10
Q

Half of the axis running through the center

A

Semi minor axis

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11
Q

the two reference points that help in drawing the ellipse

A

Foci

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12
Q

Formula for the area of a triangle

A

A=h(b)b/2

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13
Q

The power a number must be raised to in order to be another number

A

Logarithm

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14
Q

proposed that the sun was stationary in the center of the universe and the earth revolved around it

A

Nicolas Copernicus

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15
Q

known today for his theory of the solar system which is based on a stationary Earth round which the Moon and Sun revolve. Made observations of figures with 4 degree accuracy of arc w/o a telescope

A

Tycho Brahe

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16
Q

M=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1). Rise/run of a best fit line

A

Slope

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17
Q

3 x 10^8 meters per second

A

Speed of light

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18
Q

independent variable (time)

A

X axis

19
Q

dependent variable (position, meters)

A

Y axis

20
Q

Best estimate with + or - half of the range

A

Reporting uncertainty

21
Q

Three laws: orbits are ellipses with the sun as a foci, the planet Is faster the closer to the sun, and the orbital period is the semi major axis cubed

A

Johannes Kepler

22
Q

19.19 au away 25,559 km radius, 14.5 mass, 1.32 g/cm^3 density, hydrogen and helium, cloud temp 60k, 27 moons, receives 1/400 sun energy

A

Uranus

23
Q

Atmosphere similar to Jupiter/Saturn (hydrogen helium methane), more water. Axial tilt almost in line with orbit. Magnetic field similar to Saturn tilted greatest. Largest moon has history. Ring system in 1977

A

5 things about Uranus

24
Q

30.06 au away, 1/900 suns energy, 24,764 km radius, average density 1.64 g/cm^3, hydrogen and helium, cloud temp 60k, 13 moons

A

Neptune

25
Q

Blue from methane, atmosphere and interior similar and has great dark spot, radiates more energy than received like Jupiter/Saturn, has dark rings, moons show geology

A

5 things about Neptune

26
Q

Waves of the electromagnetic field carrying radiative energy

A

Electromagnetic wave

27
Q

A model of an atom consisting of a nucleus and orbiting electrons

A

The Bohr atom

28
Q

Energy radiated by a source that absorbs radiation

A

Black body radiation

29
Q

A spectrum of rays defined by their heating effect

A

Thermal spectrum

30
Q

The pattern of lines when light passes through from a star or other stellar body, where lines appear if the source emits specific rays.

A

Emission spectrum

31
Q

Lines that appear on a spectrum if an absorbing item is in the way between a source

A

Absorption spectrum

32
Q

Sun is 8 light minutes away from earth, Proxima Centauri is 4.31 ly, Polaris is 650

A

Basic properties of stars

33
Q

The founder of quantum theory through his formulation of his radiation law

A

Max Planck

34
Q

In pc is the inverse of the parallax angle in seconds of arc

A

Distance to a star

35
Q

Stellar motion. Derived by broadening of spectral lines, consequence of the Doppler effect

A

Rotation

36
Q

Stellar motion, can be determined by a straightforward application of the Doppler effect

A

Radial velocity

37
Q

Stellar motion, trigonometry are needs to know the stellar distance and the star’s angular motion across the sky

A

Tangential velocity

38
Q

About half of our stars are members of these systems, use of newtons derivation of Kepler’s third law to estimate the mass

A

Binary stars

39
Q

Stars with identical spectra have identical masses

A

Spectral/mass relationship (or mass/luminosity)

40
Q

Revealed by spectral analysis, absorption/emission lines indicate presence of various elements, width of line, degree of brightness, or darkness indicate relative abundance

A

Composition

41
Q

Presence of this causes emission/absorption lines in spectra to split in 2 or more close lines. See an effect used to detect

A

Magnetic fields

42
Q

formulated by Annie Jump Cannon, based on number and difference of spectral lines and temperature

A

OBAFGKM

43
Q

A star of a given magnitude is 2.5 times brighter than a star of the next higher magnitude

A

Magnitude

Astronomy 3L (4 decks)

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