Quiz #2 Flashcards
What is a translation?
The text transmission of meaning from one language to another
What is interpretation?
Oral transmission of meaning from one language to another
What’s the goal of interpretation & transmission?
Preserve meaning as the professional’s message moves from one linguistic code to another
refrain from using professional jargon while still explaining key terms & concepts
What does BID stand for?
Briefing, Interaction, and Debriefing
Briefing: discuss reason for meeting while touching on key points
Interaction: SLP must be conscious of retaining professional responsibility
Debriefing: review and resolve any potential miscommunications, discuss impressions, or ask for assistance
What is R.E.M?
An acronym used to help SLP’s when faced with a situation of translating or communicating with a client.
Reduce professional jargon
Explain all terms & concepts
Maintain appropriate eye gaze with family
What are translated materials?
These materials may not be available in many language or be accurate to original text and can differ across language
What is a skilled dialogue?
A dialogue that is respectful, reciprocal, and responsive
Acknowledge range & validity of diverse perspective, ensure both communicative partners are listening to each other, and understand that others’ perspective has a positive intent
What is an ethnographic interview?
An interview used to gain understanding of a particular culture or group and family’s view point of preferences & life circumstances, while utilizing methods that are qualitative in measure
Examples of direct questions
how long have you been concerned about you child’s language?
Who first noticed the problem?
Does you child have a history of ear infections?
What have you done to try to improve your language skills?
What are ethnographic questions?
Used to set the stage for the interview (first step of interview)
Descriptive or structural questions can be utilized for ethnographic interviews
Examples of descriptive questions
Grand tour: tell me about a typical day for …
Mini tour: tell me about a typical drop off/pick up time at school
Example: give me an example of when you shut down
Experience: tell me about you experiences in __ previous therapy
Clarify: what would i see when __ shuts down
Example of structural questions
strict inclusion: what kinds of activities would you like __ to participate in?
means-end: in what ways does the teacher help __ listen at school?
Rationale: what was your reason for stopping __ previous speech therapy?
What is evidence based practice?
The approach to clinical decision making which we integrate different sources which are integrated into an action plan that best serves the long-term individuals with communication disorders
What are the four core steps of EBP?
frame you clinical question, gather evidence, assess the evidence, and make your clinical decision
clinician must consider how well the evidence applies to the client, as well as overall quality & source of this evidence
What is PICO?
A system used for formatting the clinical question
Problem, intervention of interest, comparison or alternative to the intervention of interest, outcome of the evidence
What is the EBP Framework?
EBP is formed by external empirical evidence, internal evidence developed by the clinician, and client characteristics.
What is external empirical evidence made up of?
It is made up of research studies/articles that are separated into low (expert opinion) and high (research clinical trials) categories
What is a randomized clinical trial?
A study where participants are divided by chance into separate groups that compare different treatments or other interventions
The groups are similar and effects of treatments they receive can be compared more fairly
What is a medical model?
A model that specifies the exact actions that cause change in the client, especially in fields that employ behavior interventions
T or F: common factors that are part of all treatments are incidental
True
What is a contextual model?
In this model the importance is not on specifics of the methods used, but on logical procedures that respect treatment goals, are consistently used, and believed to have value by both the therapist and client.
T or F: common factors of the contextual model is integral not incidental
True
This model also promotes interaction between common factors &
What did Eber & Kohnert study show SLP’s valued?
it showed that SLP’s valued the ability to establish and maintain clinican-client relationships, the ability to make treatment meaningful, frameworks for problem solving, and the flexibility in the clinical process
What does the prelinguistic period (birth - 6 months) consist of?
This period is marked by the intentionality of actions, like requesting, referencing to items or actions, turn taking with gestures or vocalizations, and differentiated cries to coos
What is the 9-10 month period consist of?
During this period babies begin to understand their first word, but is still absorbing language & music they are exposed to while in the womb
What does the 12-16 month period consist of?
The babies large gross motor movements are going to coordinate with their language usage and increase
T or F: The average child learns 6-10 words a day around 18 months
True
The child begins to tune into listening to parents and surrounding
How many words should a 24 month old produce?
Children at this age should be able to produce as few as 100-200 words and some over 600
How many words should a 3 year old have?
A 3 year old is expected to know about 1,000 words and have an utterance length of 3-5 words, with grammatical affixes
What are the expectations for school-aged children?
- are supposed to be 90-100% intelligible
- understand the range of social & pragmatic functions
-slang, idioms, inside jokes, preparing speeches - approx. 300 words are added to their lexicon during each year they attend school
T or F: poor spoken language abilities are strongly associated with poor literacy outcomes
True
What aspect must be present for appropriate language functioning?
The ability to process efficiently
What is the dynamic period for developing bilinguals?
Birth to adolescence, while receiving regular input in tow or more languages
Fact
In the U.S it is estimated 1 in 5 children speaks another language other than english at home
What is a simultaneous bilingual?
An individual who experiences two languages at the same time, beginning at or shortly after birth
T or F: Being a simultaneous bilingual causes delays in the attainment of early language milestones
False
What does the early milestone of a simultaneous bilingual consist of?
-onset of first words
-early core vocabulary
-2 word combinations are attained at the same age as monolinguals
What does the later milestones of simultaneous bilingual consist of?
-at least one language is comparable to that of monolinguals
What is expected of a simultaneous bilingual throughout all stages?
-relative degree of proficiency in each language may vary with age, experience, talk
-cross-linguistic knowledge may be duplicated or distributed across languages
-may bot be directly comparable to monolinguals when measuring only on language
What is the silent period?
A period (found in sequential bilinguals) where the child listens and develops their receptive language abilities in L2 for a period of months before attempting output in the L2
sequential bilingual
A child who learns a second language after birth
Simultaneous bilingual: learning begins at birth
Sequential bilingual: learning begins after birth
