Quiz #1

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

The beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group shared by people in a place or time.

Can also be a set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution or organization.

A set of values, conventions, or social practices associated with a particular field, activity, or societal characteristic.

Question 2

Why is culture like an iceberg?

Answer 2

These two are typically compared because 9/10s of it lie beneath the surface

Question 3

What is monoculturalism?

Answer 3

The belief that one group’s way is the right and superior way. One group can be thought of as “less than” and become rejected at the personal, interpersonal, institutional, and cultural levels.

Question 4

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 4

The ability to recognize, understand, and appreciate our own culture and cultures other than our own.

Question 5

What type of appreciation does multiculturalism stress?

Answer 5

multiculturalism stresses an appreciation of the impact of differences such as by age, race, class, sexual orientation, physical ability, etc.

Question 6

What is the dynamic interactive processing directive?

Answer 6

From this perspective, language is viewed as our most valuable, efficient, and effective communication tool.

Question 7

How is language defined in the dynamic interactive processing directive?

Answer 7

Language is a DYNAMIC SYSTEM that emerges within a social context through interactions of COGNITIVE, NEUROBIOLOGICAL, & ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SUBSYSTEMS ACROSS NESTED TIMESCALES.

Question 8

4 facts of the dynamic interactive processing perspective.

Answer 8

1. applies to mono and bilingual populations across lifespans
2. assessments should consider the language system, cognitive correlates of language, & communicative environment.
3. Different assessment or treatment methos can be uses to serve a variety of purposes.
4. Success of language intervention is determined relative to the communicative purposes and environments in which language are needed.

Question 9

Who is considered bilingual?

Answer 9

Individuals who demonstrate advanced level of proficiency/ ability in > 2 languages or individuals with consistent experience with > 2 language from infancy.

Question 10

What are the 2 definitions of bilingualism?

Answer 10

Operational & functional needs

Question 11

What is the operational definition of bilingualism?

Answer 11

This definition believes that individuals who need two different languages to succeed in their environments, despite limited proficiency in one or both may still be considered bilingual.

Question 12

What is the function or needs-based definition of bilingualism.

Answer 12

This definition believes that a bilingual is determined from a functional or needs-based perspective.

Question 13

What is proficiency?

Answer 13

The ability in a particular linguistic code with no standard or code, requires a modifies to appreciate its meaning. Eg. high, nativelike, or minimal proficiency.

Question 14

What is high level proficiency?

Answer 14

Involves acquisition of knowledge of a language, processing speed, linguistic levels (phonological, lexical, pragmatic), and modes (comprehension or production)

Question 15

Who is considered a balanced bilingual?

Answer 15

An individual who is highly proficient in both languages

Question 16

What is general language proficiency?

Answer 16

The ability to map form to meaning in conventional and efficient ways for meaningful communication

Question 17

Who is considered to have an impaired or disordered language?

Answer 17

Anyone who lacks in the general sense

Bilingual individuals with developmental or acquired language disorders have a general language deficiency that manifests in each language

Question 18

How are limitation in proficiency classified by?

Answer 18

Presumed etiology or cause, time of onset, primary systems affected

Question 19

How are limitation in proficiency classified by?

Answer 19

Presumed etiology or cause, time of onset, primary systems affected

Question 20

How are language disorders determined?

Answer 20

disorders are determine by referencing typical or “normal” language performance

age, experience, and social environments

Question 21

What does the 3 cultural continua from vigil consist of?

Answer 21

This continua consists of responsibility, interpersonal relationships, risk management

Question 22

What does individualism align with?

Answer 22

independence and autonomy

family is defined as immediate (parents & children)

Question 23

What does collectivism align with?

Answer 23

interdependence or sacrifice of personal goals for the goals of the group

family is defined broadly to include grandparents, extended relatives, and community members.

Question 24

How is power distributed?

Answer 24

equal power/informal –> hierarchy/formal

opinions are equally valued, disagreements are openly expressed

Question 25

What is cultural variation?

Answer 25

variation within and in between a culture

the culture influences but does not determine individual values, beliefs, and behaviors.

Question 26

What is acculturation?

Answer 26

The process of changing values, beliefs, and behaviors that occurs in immigrant or minority cultural groups due to prolonged contact with the majority culture.

Question 27

What is biculturalism?

Answer 27

comfort and proficiency with both one’s heritage culture ad the culture of the country or region into which one has settled

Question 28

What is cultural competence?

Answer 28

A set of behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, organization, or individual that enables professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations.

Question 29

What does the cultural competence continua consist of ?

Answer 29

Cultural proficiency, competency, pre-competence, blindness, incapacity, destructiveness

Question 30

what is the definition of cultural competency determined by lynch and hanson?

Answer 30

a professional who is able to think, feel, and act in ways that acknowledge, respect, and build upon social cultural, and linguistic diversity

Question 31

What is the goal of cultural competency?

Answer 31

To establish positive helping relationships, engage the client and his or her family, and maximize the quality of services.

A way of being and interacting with others without judgement

Question 32

What is the fundamental knowledge domains of the culturally competent SLP?

Answer 32

knowledge of self, other, and empirical literature on dual language development, use, and disorders

Question 33

What are the characteristics of the culturally competent SLP?

Answer 33

simultaneous appreciation of cultural patterns and individual variation, engagement in cultural self-scrutiny (aware of own thoughts and behaviors), consideration of language disorders within social context (seek to understand)

Question 34

What are the 3 factors essential for mastery & maintenance of a language?

Answer 34

Means, Opportunities, and Motive

Question 35

What is the definition of means in the MOM framework?

Answer 35

Means relates to one’s general proficiency in a language.

Cognition, neurological, and sensorimotor systems must be intact, therefor if there is a weakness in on system it can result in a language disorder.

Question 36

What is the definition of opportunities in the MOM framework?

Answer 36

Learn, use, and practice

Question 37

What is the definition of opportunities in the MOM framework?

Answer 37

The ability to learn, use, and practice a language.

Opportunities can exist in different environments, communicative partners, or in different formats.

Bilingual individuals with language disorders must increase their meaningful opportunities to develop, recover, or use each language.

Question 38

What is the definition of motive in the MOM framework?

Answer 38

Relates to a person’s motivation or preference.

A motive can be swayed by societal value and related attitudes.