Quiz #1 Flashcards
What is culture?
The beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group shared by people in a place or time.
Can also be a set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution or organization.
A set of values, conventions, or social practices associated with a particular field, activity, or societal characteristic.
Why is culture like an iceberg?
These two are typically compared because 9/10s of it lie beneath the surface
What is monoculturalism?
The belief that one group’s way is the right and superior way. One group can be thought of as “less than” and become rejected at the personal, interpersonal, institutional, and cultural levels.
What is multiculturalism?
The ability to recognize, understand, and appreciate our own culture and cultures other than our own.
What type of appreciation does multiculturalism stress?
multiculturalism stresses an appreciation of the impact of differences such as by age, race, class, sexual orientation, physical ability, etc.
What is the dynamic interactive processing directive?
From this perspective, language is viewed as our most valuable, efficient, and effective communication tool.
How is language defined in the dynamic interactive processing directive?
Language is a DYNAMIC SYSTEM that emerges within a social context through interactions of COGNITIVE, NEUROBIOLOGICAL, & ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SUBSYSTEMS ACROSS NESTED TIMESCALES.
4 facts of the dynamic interactive processing perspective.
- applies to mono and bilingual populations across lifespans
- assessments should consider the language system, cognitive correlates of language, & communicative environment.
- Different assessment or treatment methos can be uses to serve a variety of purposes.
- Success of language intervention is determined relative to the communicative purposes and environments in which language are needed.
Who is considered bilingual?
Individuals who demonstrate advanced level of proficiency/ ability in > 2 languages or individuals with consistent experience with > 2 language from infancy.
What are the 2 definitions of bilingualism?
Operational & functional needs
What is the operational definition of bilingualism?
This definition believes that individuals who need two different languages to succeed in their environments, despite limited proficiency in one or both may still be considered bilingual.
What is the function or needs-based definition of bilingualism.
This definition believes that a bilingual is determined from a functional or needs-based perspective.
What is proficiency?
The ability in a particular linguistic code with no standard or code, requires a modifies to appreciate its meaning. Eg. high, nativelike, or minimal proficiency.
What is high level proficiency?
Involves acquisition of knowledge of a language, processing speed, linguistic levels (phonological, lexical, pragmatic), and modes (comprehension or production)
Who is considered a balanced bilingual?
An individual who is highly proficient in both languages
What is general language proficiency?
The ability to map form to meaning in conventional and efficient ways for meaningful communication
Who is considered to have an impaired or disordered language?
Anyone who lacks in the general sense
Bilingual individuals with developmental or acquired language disorders have a general language deficiency that manifests in each language
How are limitation in proficiency classified by?
Presumed etiology or cause, time of onset, primary systems affected
How are limitation in proficiency classified by?
Presumed etiology or cause, time of onset, primary systems affected
How are language disorders determined?
disorders are determine by referencing typical or “normal” language performance
age, experience, and social environments
What does the 3 cultural continua from vigil consist of?
This continua consists of responsibility, interpersonal relationships, risk management
What does individualism align with?
independence and autonomy
family is defined as immediate (parents & children)
What does collectivism align with?
interdependence or sacrifice of personal goals for the goals of the group
family is defined broadly to include grandparents, extended relatives, and community members.
How is power distributed?
equal power/informal –> hierarchy/formal
opinions are equally valued, disagreements are openly expressed
What is cultural variation?
variation within and in between a culture
the culture influences but does not determine individual values, beliefs, and behaviors.
What is acculturation?
The process of changing values, beliefs, and behaviors that occurs in immigrant or minority cultural groups due to prolonged contact with the majority culture.
What is biculturalism?
comfort and proficiency with both one’s heritage culture ad the culture of the country or region into which one has settled
What is cultural competence?
A set of behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, organization, or individual that enables professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations.
What does the cultural competence continua consist of ?
Cultural proficiency, competency, pre-competence, blindness, incapacity, destructiveness
what is the definition of cultural competency determined by lynch and hanson?
a professional who is able to think, feel, and act in ways that acknowledge, respect, and build upon social cultural, and linguistic diversity
What is the goal of cultural competency?
To establish positive helping relationships, engage the client and his or her family, and maximize the quality of services.
A way of being and interacting with others without judgement
What is the fundamental knowledge domains of the culturally competent SLP?
knowledge of self, other, and empirical literature on dual language development, use, and disorders
What are the characteristics of the culturally competent SLP?
simultaneous appreciation of cultural patterns and individual variation, engagement in cultural self-scrutiny (aware of own thoughts and behaviors), consideration of language disorders within social context (seek to understand)
What are the 3 factors essential for mastery & maintenance of a language?
Means, Opportunities, and Motive
What is the definition of means in the MOM framework?
Means relates to one’s general proficiency in a language.
Cognition, neurological, and sensorimotor systems must be intact, therefor if there is a weakness in on system it can result in a language disorder.
What is the definition of opportunities in the MOM framework?
Learn, use, and practice
What is the definition of opportunities in the MOM framework?
The ability to learn, use, and practice a language.
Opportunities can exist in different environments, communicative partners, or in different formats.
Bilingual individuals with language disorders must increase their meaningful opportunities to develop, recover, or use each language.
What is the definition of motive in the MOM framework?
Relates to a person’s motivation or preference.
A motive can be swayed by societal value and related attitudes.
