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Anatomy 1 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which vessel dives into the optic nerve?

A

central retinal artery

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2
Q

What is the most narrow location of the central retinal artery?

A

where it dives into the optic nerve (goes on to supply blood to the retina)

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3
Q

Which nerve supplies motor function to the tongue?

A

hypoglossal (CN XII)

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4
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory function to the tongue?

A

touch/pain/temp = trigeminal (CN V) anterior 2/3, glossopharyngeal (CN IX) posterior 1/3

taste = facial (CN VII) anterior 2/3
glossopharyngeal (CN IX) posterior 1/3

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5
Q

What muscle is typically affected in torticollis?

A

sternocleidomastoid

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6
Q

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

A

baroreceptor (pressure)

massage of the carotid sinus will reduce BP

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7
Q

What is the function of the carotid body?

A

chemoreceptor (senses O2 and CO2)

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8
Q

Where is the danger space located?

A

between the alar fascia and the prevertebral fascia

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9
Q

What physical space allows infection to spread from the pharynx to the mediastinum?

A

danger space

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10
Q

The subclavian artery gives rise to which 2 vessels?

A

vertebral artery and thyrocervical trunk

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11
Q

The common carotid artery gives rise to which vessels?

A

internal carotid
external carotid

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12
Q

The external carotid artery gives rise to which 8 vessels?

A

superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal

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13
Q

What is the most cranial branch of the external carotid artery?

A

superficial temporal

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14
Q

What 3 structures does the carotid sheath enclose?

A

vagus nerve
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein

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15
Q

What plexus supplies motor innervation to the pharynx?

A

pharyngeal plexus

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16
Q

The pharyngeal plexus receives neural input from which 3 sources?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve
sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

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17
Q

What artery supplies blood to the palatine tonsils?

A

facial artery

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18
Q

Where do you place the tip of the laryngoscope during endotracheal intubation?

A

into the epiglottic vallecula

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19
Q

What structures compose Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring?

A

1 pharyngeal tonsil / adenoid
2 tubal tonsils
2 palatine tonsils
1 lingual tonsil

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20
Q

The incisive fossa represents what?

A

the union of the left and right palatal shelves and the intermaxillary segment

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21
Q

What structure encloses the oral cavity proper during swallowing?

A

soft palate

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22
Q

What is the major muscle of the tongue?

A

genioglossus

only origin, no insertion
controlled by cerebellum

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23
Q

Why are granular cells important?

A

they are a group of excitatory cells in the cerebellum that are very sensitive to EtOH and the source of slurred speech and decreased fine motor coordination

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24
Q

When removing the adenoids, which nerve is at risk of being damaged? What effect would that have?

A

glossopharyngeal; would result in numbness of the pharynx

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25
Q

Numbness at the tip of the nose is most likely related to which nerve?

A

ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

3 branches to trigeminal nerve: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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26
Q

What structure/area does the nasolacrimal duct open into?

A

inferior meatus
(this space is inferior to the nasal concha/turbinate)

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27
Q

Which bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

maxilla and palatine bones

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28
Q

What is the significance of Kiesselbach’s area?

A

anterior network of arteries in the nasal cavity; most common site of nosebleeds

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29
Q

Venous bleeding of the nose occurs in which area?

A

posterior (versus arterial which is anterior)

30
Q

If you get cancer on the tip of the tongue, where will the cancer travel first?

A

submental nodes

31
Q

At what landmark does the recurrent laryngeal nerve change to the inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

cricothyroid joint

32
Q

What is the name of the fascia that connects the pharynx to the base of the skull?

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

33
Q

What is the significance of Zenker’s diverticulum?

A

aka pharyngeal pouch/hypopharyngeal diverticulum; false diverticulum of the mucosa of the pharynx, between the inferior constrictor and the cricopharyngeal muscle

34
Q

What is the significance of a carotid loop?

A

anomaly in which there is a loop of internal carotid artery posterior to palatine tonsils; important to palpate the posterior wall of the pharynx before removal of the palatine tonsils

35
Q

What is the technical term for the Adam’s apple?

A

laryngeal prominence

36
Q

What vessel must you watch out for during cricothyroidostomy?

A

cricothyroid artery (could get pushed into the airway)

37
Q

Which vocal folds are located more caudally? How can you tell the difference?

A

true vocal folds/cords; white in color d/t overlying vocal ligament

38
Q

What is Reinke’s edema? What are some common causes?

A

swelling of the vocal folds d/t fluid collection in Reinke’s space; gives them a sac-like appearance, low-pitched husky voice

common causes = smoking, GERD, hormone changes (hypothyroidism), and chronic voice abuse

39
Q

What is the “all but one” rule?

A

All muscles of the larynx receive motor innervation from the inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve
EXCEPT
the cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve
(both are CNA X)

40
Q

What is the function of the external laryngeal nerve?

A

innervates the cricothyroid muscle which tenses the vocal ligament/pitch regulator

41
Q

What muscle is the only abductor of the vocal folds?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

42
Q

What nerve is at risk of being damaged during a thyroidectomy?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (and therefore the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

43
Q

The laryngeal vestibule receives sensory innervation by which nerve?

A

internal laryngeal nerve

44
Q

Which artery can be damaged during a tracheostomy?

A

thyroid ima artery (can result in significant bleeding into the airway)

45
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve travel?

A

in the tracheoesophageal groove

46
Q

Damage to which nerve can result in hoarseness of speech?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

47
Q

Shingles on the lower lip and chin is a result of the disease traveling along which nerve?

A

mental nerve (a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve)

48
Q

Which nerve allows for mobility of the lower lip?

A

the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve

49
Q

Mumps causes swelling in which area? Associated pain is due to which nerve

A

parotid gland; auriculotemporal nerve

50
Q

Pharyngeal pouch #1 is associated with which nerve?

A

trigeminal ganglion/nerve

51
Q

Pharyngeal pouch #2 is associated with which nerve?

A

facial nerve

52
Q

Pharyngeal pouch #3 is associated with which nerve?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

53
Q

Pharyngeal pouch #4 is associated with which nerve?

A

vagus nerve

54
Q

The superior laryngeal artery travels with which nerve?

A

internal laryngeal nerve
both pierce the thyrohyoid membrane

55
Q

The superior thyroid artery travels together with which nerve?

A

external laryngeal nerve

56
Q

Where does cancer of the vocal folds metastasize to?

A

nowhere; very little lymphatic drainage

57
Q

What is the significance of the Ligament of Berry?

A

Must be aware of the Ligament of Berry during thyroidectomy d/t its close proximity to the recurrent pharyngeal nerve

58
Q

Where do the maxillary and mandibular processes fuse during embryogenesis?

A

along a transverse plane and along the midline

59
Q

Where do the maxillary process and medial nasal process fuse during embryogenesis?

A

along a paramedian plane

60
Q

Which processes form the nose?

A

medial and lateral nasal processes

61
Q

Which processes form the philtrum?

A

medial nasal processes of both sides

62
Q

Which processes form the upper lip?

A

medial nasal process and maxillary process

63
Q

What muscle is responsible for proper smiling?

A

zygomaticus major muscle

64
Q

What is the function of the frontalis muscle?

A

raise eyebrows, lower hairline, meet at the line of convergence

65
Q

Which neck muscle is connected to the carotid sheath to help propel blood downward toward the heart?

A

omohyoid

66
Q

Describe the location of sensory/motor branches of the cervical plexus:

A

sensory = superficial
motor = deep

67
Q

C 3, 4, and 5…

A

Keeps the diaphragm alive (phrenic nerve)

68
Q

Describe the location of a cric and trach in relation to the thyroid gland.

A

cric placed above, trach placed below the thyroid gland

69
Q

Describe the vasculature of the thyroid gland

A

2 arteries (super and inferior thyroid arteries)
3 veins (superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins)

70
Q

Describe Graves’ disease

A

auto-antibody stimulation of the thyroid; TSI imitates the effects of TSH

71
Q

Describe an iodine deficiency

A

auto-stimulation of thyroid gland –> hyperplasia and goiter

72
Q

Overactive parathyroid glands can cause what effects?

A

osteopenia d/t overstimulation of osteoclasts

Anatomy 1 (4 decks)

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