Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is a potential effect of a clot in the superior saggital sinus?
Loss of consciousness
Where would an obstrution in the superior saggital sinus occur?
Arachnoid villus
The Adamkiewicz artery directly connects which two vessels?
Aorta to anterior spinal artery
An infrarenal obstruction of the aorta could affect which vessel?
Adamkiewicz artery (and therefore the spinal artery)
The arachnoid villus connects which two spaces?
Subarachnoid space and superior saggital sinus
Which artery would be the culprit of an epidural hematoma?
Middle meningeal artery
Which artery is the likely cuprit in a patient experiencing vision problems?
Posterior cerebral artery
Describe CNI?
Olfactory
Sensory
Smell
Describe CN II.
Optic
Sensory
Vision
Describe CN III.
Oculomotor
Motor
Most eye movement (superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus)
Describe CN IV.
Trochlear
Motor
Moves eye (superior oblique via the trochlear muscle)
Describe CN V.
Trigeminal
Both
Face sensation, mastication (V1 opthalmic, V2 maxillary, V3 mandibular)
Describe CN VI.
Abducens
Motor
Abducts the eye (lateral rectus)
Describe CN VII.
Facial
Both
Facial expression, glands, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
Describe CN VIII.
Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Hearing and balance
Describe CN IX.
Glossopharyngeal
Both
Taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue) and gag reflex
Describe CN X.
Vagus
Both
Gag reflex, voicebox motor, intestinal sensation, parasympathetic innervation
Describe CN XI.
Spinal accessory
Both
Shrugging shoulders
Describe CN XII.
Hypoglossal
Motor
Muscles of tongue and floor of the mouth (swallowing, speech)
What is anosmia?
Loss of sense of smell (and therefore taste)
A fracture of the cribiform plate could result in what?
Anosmia
Ptosis of the upper eyelid involves which cranial nerve?
CN III (oculomotor) — responsible muscle: levator palpebrae superioris
Assessing pupillary response to light involves which cranial nerve?
Optic nerve (CN II)
A patient with mastoiditis may lose function of which cranial nerve? Why?
Facial nerve; the facial nerve closely follows the middle ear by the mastoid process
What type nerve cell is most commonly found in the body?
Multipolar
Where are Schwann cells found?
PNS
Where are oligodendrocytes found?
CNS
Where are astrocytes found?
CNS
What do astrocytes do?
Maintain BBB
Structural support in CNS
Where is information from the right toe being perceived?
Left side somatosensory cortex
Descibe a patient with Broca’s aphasia?
Broca’s area = building language
Non-fluent, broken speech
Comprehension is OK
Describe a patient with Wernicke’s aphasia.
Wernicke’s = understanding
Fluent but meaningless speech
Poor comprehension/understanding
Describe a patient with conduction aphasia.
Fluent but with repeated attempts at the correct word; more errors with longer phrases
Comprehension is OK
*recall “todo” man from lecture
Describe a patient with global aphasia.
Mute or non-fluent
Poor comprehension
What primary cortex is found on the occipital area of the brain?
Primary visual cortex
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
Connects L and R hemispheres to coordinate information
What is the functin of the cerebellum?
Fine motor control, posture, and balance
What is the function of the pons?
Links the medulla with the thalamus; part of the brainstem
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
Controls breathing, HR, BP; reflex actions (vomiting, coughing, sneezing)
What is the function of the midbrain?
Control of visual and auditory systems, body movement
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
Production of hormones that control growth, sexual development, and metabolism
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Homeostasis; control of temperature and osmoreculation, secretes hormones
What is the function of the cerebral cortex?
Sensory information (vision, smell, hearing); higher cognitive functions
Describe the normal curvature of the spine.
Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
What is a dermatome?
Area of skin associated with the sensory nerve
Dermatome T4 is associated with which area of the body?
Breast/chest
Dermatome T10 is associated with which area of the body?
Belly button
A spinal root ganglion is described as…
Posterior
Afferent
Sensory
Dorsal
Which reflex is most prominent? Which spinal cord segment is it associated with?
Knee-jerk
L4
Describe the blood supply to the spinal cord.
1 anterior spinal artery
2 posterior spinal arteries
