quiz 2 Flashcards
description of motion: type, location, direction, magnitude, duration
kinematics
the analysis of the forces that produce motion or maintain equilibrium
kinetics
three types of motion
rotary
translatory
curvilinear
rotary motion
rotation around a fixed point
translatory motion
movement in a straight line
curvilinear motion
a combination of rotary and translatory motion
the manner in which adjoining joint surfaces move on each other
arthrokinematics
types of arthrokinematic motion
glide-linear
roll-movement
spin-rotation
newton’s laws
1: inertia
2: acceleration
3: reaction
force that causes compression
push
force that causes tension
pull
components of force vector
point of application
direction
magnitude
linear force
two or more forces acting along the same line
ex: gastrocnemius and soleus
concurrent force
two or more forces actin on a common point pushing or pulling in different directions
ex: deltoid
parallel force systems
occurs in the same plane and in the same or opposite direction
ex: sternocleidomastoids, external obliques
force couple
occurs when two or more forces act in different directions, resulting in a turning effect
ex: scapula rotation
four components of levers
a rigid bar/bone
an axis or fulcrum, point of rotation/joint
a resistance force
an effort force
effort force and resistance are on either side of the axis
first class lever
effort fore and resistance force are on the same side of the axis
resistance force lies between the effort force and the axis of rotation
second class lever
effort force and resistance force are on the same side of axis
effort force lies between the resistance force and the axis
third class lever
the moment of force and ability of a force to cause rotation of the leve
torque
rotation of the lever depends on ____
magnitude of the force and distance from the axis
how is torque calculated
lever arm x Fy
Fm x movement arm
a movement’s magnitude depends on
force applied
force’s movement arm
depicted as a vector with a line of application
force applied
the perpendicular distance from the force’s line of application to the axis of rotation
force’s movement arm
assessment of movement
strength
ROM
how to palpation
feel bony landmarks and soft tissue around the joint
use pads of index and middle finger to palpate
avoid contact with fingernails
apply pressure gently but firm enough to feel underlying muscle, tendon, bones
the amount of movement that is possible at a joint
ROM
3 types of ROM
active, active assisted, passive
a joint moved by a muscle/internal force
active ROM
joint moved by patient internally with the assistance of therapist, equipment, or self externally
active assisted ROM
a joint moved by an outside force such as therapist
passive ROM
the normal resistance to further joint motion due to stretching of soft tissues, ligaments, and joint capsule
end-feel
hard end-feel
bone to bone
soft end-feel
muscle to muscle
firm end-feel
ligaments to joint capsule
occurs when ROM is increased or decreased or when ROM is normal but structures other than normal anatomy stop
inflammation, pain, fracture, etc.
abnormal end-feel
MMT can measure
muscle strength and maximal muscle contractions
break test steps
position the client, initially to move joint against gravity
stabilize proximal to muscle group being tested to eliminate extraneous movements
palpate prime movers
observe for possible substitutions and amount of range completed
hold end position and apply resistance
where is MMT usually started on the scale
3: fair: part moves through complete ROM against gravity
