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Geriatrics > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Practice models Guide the therapist in creating ___________ treatment programs that are culturally _____________ and ______________ and facilitate development of sensory motor, cognitive, psychological, and psychosocial skills.

A

Individual
Meaningful
Age related

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1
Q

OT intervention seeks to ____________ and _____________ dysfunction and ____________
maximal adaptation through the use of purposeful activities

A

Prevent
Remediate
Facilitate

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2
Q

OT practice models suggest use of various ___________ occupations that demand development of performance abilities, thereby improving __________ and ___________ of life.

A

Graded
Function
Quality

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3
Q

OT process consists of what three dynamic and interactive phases

A

Evaluation
Intervention
Outcome

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4
Q

What is the evaluation process

A

The initial step of obtaining the client occupational profile and the second step of analysis of clients occupational performance

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5
Q

What is an occupational profile

A

Focused on person’s history, experiences, daily living patterns, values, needs, and beliefs

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6
Q

What is the intervention phase focused around

A

Centered around what the client finds most meaningful in life and of greatest priority. Intervention plan will include strategies to address: Performance skills, patterns, context, activity demands, client factors that may hinder performance

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7
Q

What does the facilitating growth and development model focus on

A

Views the OT practitioners role as one concerned with facilitating or promoting optimal growth and development in all ages of man.
This model requires the OT practitioner to understand developmental tasks and adaptive skills that are usually mastered a different ages

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8
Q

The facilitating growth and development model describes the belief that human beings develops simultaneously in the areas of what

A 
Neurophysiological
Physical
Psychosocial
Psycho dynamic growth
Development of social language
Daily living
Sociocultural
Intellectual skills
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9
Q

During the OT process, the OTR and COTA access the clients ___________ and determine __________ ____________ each adaptive skill area

A

Development

Potential disruptions

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10
Q

Depending on the clients needs, selected activities may include what

A

Sensory
Developmental
Symbolic
Daily life tasks

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11
Q

What are sensory activities

A

Primarily influence senses through human action such as touching, rocking, running, listening to sounds

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12
Q

What are developmental activities

A

Involve the use of objects such as crafts, puzzles, play, learning and skill development situations

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13
Q

What are symbolic activities

A

Designed to help the client satisfy needs and solicit cope with emotional responses such as gouging wood and kneading Clay.

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14
Q

What are two types of restraints

A

Chemical restraints such as drugs that are prescribed to control mood, mental status, and behavior.
Physical restraints such as any device, material, or equipment that is used to restrain someone

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15
Q

How often must physical restraints be released

A

Every two hours

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16
Q

What are some types of restraints

A

Physical restraints such as leg and arm restraints, hand mitts, soft ties or vests, lap cushions.
Bedrails
Tucking in the sheets tightly
Placing person chair that prevents rising
Placing wheelchair close to wall

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17
Q

Areas of assessment that a COTA/OTR may perform are:

A 
Posture 
Trunk control
Alignment
Balance
Strength
Visual acuity
18
Q

What are three interventions that can help eliminate the need for Restraints

A

Self-care technique
Upper body positioning: use of half tray style lapboard
Seating adaptations

19
Q

What are the three types of major hearing impairments

A

Sensory loss
Neural
Mechanical

20
Q

What is hearing sensory loss

A

Atrophy and degeneration of hair cells at the base of the basilar membrane.
Loss of high-frequency sounds; condition does not interfere with speech discrimination

21
Q

What is hearing neural loss

A

Loss of auditory nerve fibers; affects ability to distinguish speech sounds higher frequencies

22
Q

What is hearing mechanical loss

A

Degeneration of the vibrating membrane within the cochlea. Leads to gradual hearing loss in all frequencies

23
Q

What is conductive hearing loss

A

Inability of the external ear to conduct soundwaves to the inner ear
May be related to build up of earwax, fluid accumulation in the middle ear, or upper respiratory infection

24
Q

What is the cause of tinnitus

A

Maybe related to conductive or sensorineural loss, Ménière’s disease, otosclerosis, presbycusis, earwax buildup, lesions, or fluid in the middle year

25
Q

Without rehab for hearing impairments, what risks may be increased

A

Increase frequency of falls
Functional dependence
Loss of self-esteem
Institutionalization

26
Q

What percentage of adults with vision impairments reports symptoms of depression

A

25%

27
Q

What are some changes to the retina as one ages

A

It gradually loses neurons. Central or Peripheral vision maybe affected depending on which retinal neurons die

28
Q

What happens to the lens of the eye as one ages

A

It loses some of its elasticity, making shape change or accommodation more difficult, leaving to presbyopia, making it difficult to perform close vision test

29
Q

What is the leading calls of vision loss in older Americans

A

Macular degeneration

30
Q

What do elders with macular degeneration experience

A

A blurry, dark, or blank spot in the middle of their visual field

31
Q

What are the types of macular degeneration

A

Dry type and wet type

32
Q

What is the dry type of macular degeneration

A

More common and is the result of yellowish deposits or drusen, forming under the macula. This causes the macula to thin and dry out

33
Q

What is the wet type of macular degeneration

A

Caused by rapid growth of blood vessels beneath the macula that leak and call scarring on the macula. Can be treated with photocoagulation, laser surgery, or interocular injections

34
Q

What are some causes of visual dysfunction

A

Damage of visual system due to brain insult.

May include trauma, cancer, MS, CVA

35
Q

How can therapists help with decreased acuity

A

Special optical devices to magnify or Enlarge print.
Good room lighting
You solid colors as background

36
Q

What are the four stages of normal swallow

A

Oral preparatory phase
Oral phase
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase

37
Q

What is involved with the Oral preparatory phase

A

Includes seeing, smelling, reaching for the item, putting it in the mouth.
Once the item is in the mouth, the lips close to maintain a seal
Saliva mixes to aid in swallowing

38
Q

What is involved in the oral phase of swallowing

A

The food is propelled by the tongue to the back of the mouth and over the base of the tongue to prepare for pharyngeal phase

39
Q

What occurs in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing

A

The food passes over the base of the tongue, and enters pharynx. The soft palate elevates to seal the entrance to the nose

40
Q

What occurs in the Esophageal phase of swallowing.

A

The food passes into the Esophagus and is propelled to the stomach

41
Q

What are some interventions used with elders when feeding

A

Sitting next to them rather than over them
Use adult terminology such as napkin instead of bib
Establish a method of communication to indicate when they want another bite or drink
Hand over hand guidance
Clock method
Pacing

42
Q

What are some direct interventions during oral phase

A 
Alternate solids with liquids
Tongue sweeps to prevent oral pocketing
Tongue and facial exercises
tone facilitation
Brushing teeth to stimulate saliva glands
43
Q

Direct intervention during pharyngeal phase

A

Give sufficient time to swallow
Observe and palpate swallow
Check for voice clarity so that food is not on vocal chords

Geriatrics (3 decks)

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