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Geriatrics > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is ageism

A

A form of prejudice that promotes general assumptions or stereotypes about a group of people

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1
Q

What are the three stages of aging

A

Young old – 65-75 years old
Middle old – 75–85 years old
Old old – 85 and older

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2
Q

What are the types of aging

A

Chronological age
Biological age
Psychological age
Social age

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3
Q

What is genetic aging theory

A

Presumes that aging is predetermined

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4
Q

What is the nongenetic aging theory

A

Presumes that aging events occur randomly and accumulate with time.
Wear and tear theory

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5
Q

What is the programmed aging theory

A

Human body has an inherited internal genetic clock that determines the beginning of the aging process

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6
Q

What is the free radical theory

A

Stemmed from study of unstable Atoms in living cells and the damage they caused as they tried to stabilize

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7
Q

What is the neuroendocrine theory

A

Suggest that the CNS is the aging pacemaker of the body

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8
Q

What is the continuity theory

A

States that elders may adapt to different life changes by using different strategies to maintain continuity in their lives.
States that Elders should also live in homes for as long as possible, to maintain maintain their independence

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9
Q

What are the two types of continuity theory

A

Internal continuity - Strategy of forming personal links with new experiences and memories of previous ones
External continuity - Interacting with familiar people and living in familiar environments

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10
Q

What are the three stages in Ericksons theory of development

A

Integrity versus despair
Ego integrity
Despair

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11
Q

What is the integrity versus despair stage in Erikson’s theory

A

The elder maybe coming to terms with gradual deterioration of the body, however at the same time reflecting on wisdom of past experiences

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12
Q

What is the ego integrity stage in Ericksons theory of development

A

The elders ability to see life as a meaningful experience with good and bad personalities without feeling threatened. Having done their best through life with all experiences

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13
Q

What is the despair stage in Erikson’s theory of development

A

This is the rejection of self and life experiences and includes the realization the time is running out and there’s no time for change or reassessment. This person may be prone to depression and possibly afraid of death

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14
Q

What is the exchange theory

A

Elders are viewed from the perspective of their ongoing interactions with others.
Continuing interaction is based on what the elder perceives as rewarding or costly.
Elders continue with interactions that are beneficial and withdrawal from those that are perceived as having a no benefit

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15
Q

What is the thriving: holistic lifespan theory

A 
There has been a decline in health, mental or physical with no real physical indication or any related illness.
Considers three factors:
The person
Human environment
Non-human environment
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16
Q

What are the two types of aging

A

Primary and secondary

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17
Q

What is primary aging

A

Loss of function in the body system or organ due to normal aging process; usually at the rate of 1% per year after age 30; effects all body systems

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18
Q

What is secondary aging

A

Changes in body systems or organs attributable to a disease process, an impairment, or a dysfunction not connected with the normal aging process

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19
Q

How does aging affect cognition

A

Slowing information processing, deficits and tasks requiring abstraction, and divided attention, and declines in fluid intelligence.
Fluid intelligence allows us to think on our feet with new situations.
They have crystallized learning which is knowledge acquired through the lifespan.

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20
Q

How does age affect the integumentary system

A

Skin: Cell replacement slows, wrinkles increase due to decreased blood supply and loss of elasticity.
Ability to sweat decreases
Easier bruising, spotting, and discoloration
Hair becomes then fine with loss of pigment
Nails become brittle, but grow more easily

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21
Q

How does aging affect neurological system

A

Slow nerve processing
Decrease number of brain cells
Loss of gray matter
Changing sleep cycles with less deep sleep, more light sleep

22
Q

How does aging affect visual senses

A

Visual: difficulty with light/dark adaptation.
Increased time to recover from glare.
Increased illumination needed to see details.
Some visual field loss either peripheral or central.

23
Q

How does aging affect auditory senses

A

Presbycusis: hearing loss due to aging
Sensory presbycusis: Leads to loss high-frequency sounds and degeneration of hair cells.
Neural presbycusis: Leads to decreased ability to distinguish between speech sounds Due to loss of auditory nerve fibers.
Mechanical presbycusis: Decreased ability to distinguish sounds because of Cochlear vibrating membrane

24
How does age affect gustatory senses
Decrease salivation Decreased ability to discriminate tastes May lead to decreased dietary intake
25
How does aging affect olfactory senses
Lessening ability to distinguish between pleasant and unpleasant odors Maybe a safety concern
26
How does aging affect tactile senses
Decrease sensitivity fingertips, palms, and lower extremities General inability to perceive heat and cold
27
How does aging affect kinesthesia senses
Decreased ability to determine when and what direction the head is moving May lead to increased sensations of falling
28
How does aging affect the musculoskeletal system
They may have stiff joints and decreased spinal mobility, reduction in high atrophy intervertebral disks and ligaments, increased bone porousness leads to loss of skeletal bone and elasticity. Gradual decline in physical strength, muscle cells replaced by fat cells, hypotonia develops
29
How does aging affect the cardiopulmonary system (What parts)
Heart Blood vessels Respiratory organs
30
How does aging affect heart
Reduce cardiac output Increased arrhythmias Increased difficulty with cardiac muscle contraction dilation Decreased tolerance for activities
31
How does aging affect the blood vessels
General calcification within arteries Aorta and peripheral vessels are less able to accommodate changes in arterial pressure. Occurrence of edema lower extremities increases
32
How does age affect the respiratory organs
Gradual decline and body fluid composition from 80% to 50% in cells. Calcification of rib cartilage, decline in lung tissue elasticity, and decreasing muscle elasticity leads to decreased availability of oxygen
33
How does age affect the digestive system
Slowed absorption Less efficient use of nutrients Increases sensitivity to milk, fried foods, and spicy foods
34
How does aging affect the endocrine system
Overall decrease in hormone production, especially growth and anti-diuretic. Women have a noticeable decrease in estrogen production. Men have decreased testosterone production
35
How does aging affect the urinary system
Decreased ability to concentrate urine. More water needed to excrete the same amount of waste. Eliminate larger amounts of urine throughout the day and night Increased susceptibility to urinary track infection
36
What are some myths about psychological aspects of aging
1. The way chronological age determines how an elder acts and feels. 2. You can't teach an old dog new tricks 3. As you age, you naturally become older and wiser 4. Elders are not productive, especially at work 5. Elders become more conservative as they age 6. Elders prefer quiet tranquil daily lives 7. All elders become senile
37
What are some major common life stressors for elders
``` Retirement Loss of spouse Economic changes Residents relocation Physical illness Loss of friends Reality of mortality ```
38
How does a COTA work with elders going through stress
Always consider all the ways various life events affect elders and learn to understand what motivates certain behaviors
39
Occupation is clearly a ____________ to health
Prerequisite
40
What are some factors contributing to successful aging
Experience a sense of control over one's life. Practicing healthy habits. Achieving continuity with one's past. Performing happy activities. Participating in a social network of family and friends.
41
What are the three different types of prevention for aging
Primary prevention-Avoid the onset of unhealthy conditions Secondary prevention-Treatment to improve the person with disease Tertiary prevention prevent further disability and progression of a condition
42
What is the role of COTA in wellness and health promotion
Goal should be to prevent the progression of disease and the risk of disability and death.
43
What is the ABC's of the wellness model which would assist COTAs in encouraging their elder clients to learn to improve and maintain their health
Attitude: includes actively pursuing wellness. Balancing: productive activity, positive social support, emotional expression, and environmental interaction Control: health through education about behavior that leads to wellness
44
Occupational therapy practitioners assist people to engage in those every day _______________ that they find to be meaningful and purposeful, helping those to perform needed or desired physical activities
Life activities
45
What are the areas of occupation
``` ADL IADL Rest and sleep Education Work Play Leisure Social participation ```
46
What are client factors
Values, beliefs, and spirituality Body functions Body structures
47
What are performance skills
``` Sensory perceptual skills Motor and praxis skills Emotional regulation skills Cognitive skills Communication and social skills ```
48
What are performance patterns
Habits Routines Roles Rituals
49
What's our context and environment
``` Cultural Personal Physical Social Temporal Virtual ```
50
What's are the activity demands
``` Objects used in their properties Space demands Social demands Sequencing and timing Required actions Required body functions Required body structures ```
51
What are the steps for intervention
Developing the intervention plan Implementing the plan Reviewing the intervention
52
What are the scores on the FIM scoring
7. Complete independence 6. Modified independence 5. Supervision 4. Minimal contact assistance 3. Moderate assistance 2. Maximal assistance 1. Total assistance 0. Activity does not occur

Geriatrics (3 decks)

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