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Geriatrics > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is ageism

A

A form of prejudice that promotes general assumptions or stereotypes about a group of people

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1
Q

What are the three stages of aging

A

Young old – 65-75 years old
Middle old – 75–85 years old
Old old – 85 and older

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2
Q

What are the types of aging

A

Chronological age
Biological age
Psychological age
Social age

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3
Q

What is genetic aging theory

A

Presumes that aging is predetermined

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4
Q

What is the nongenetic aging theory

A

Presumes that aging events occur randomly and accumulate with time.
Wear and tear theory

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5
Q

What is the programmed aging theory

A

Human body has an inherited internal genetic clock that determines the beginning of the aging process

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6
Q

What is the free radical theory

A

Stemmed from study of unstable Atoms in living cells and the damage they caused as they tried to stabilize

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7
Q

What is the neuroendocrine theory

A

Suggest that the CNS is the aging pacemaker of the body

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8
Q

What is the continuity theory

A

States that elders may adapt to different life changes by using different strategies to maintain continuity in their lives.
States that Elders should also live in homes for as long as possible, to maintain maintain their independence

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9
Q

What are the two types of continuity theory

A

Internal continuity - Strategy of forming personal links with new experiences and memories of previous ones
External continuity - Interacting with familiar people and living in familiar environments

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10
Q

What are the three stages in Ericksons theory of development

A

Integrity versus despair
Ego integrity
Despair

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11
Q

What is the integrity versus despair stage in Erikson’s theory

A

The elder maybe coming to terms with gradual deterioration of the body, however at the same time reflecting on wisdom of past experiences

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12
Q

What is the ego integrity stage in Ericksons theory of development

A

The elders ability to see life as a meaningful experience with good and bad personalities without feeling threatened. Having done their best through life with all experiences

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13
Q

What is the despair stage in Erikson’s theory of development

A

This is the rejection of self and life experiences and includes the realization the time is running out and there’s no time for change or reassessment. This person may be prone to depression and possibly afraid of death

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14
Q

What is the exchange theory

A

Elders are viewed from the perspective of their ongoing interactions with others.
Continuing interaction is based on what the elder perceives as rewarding or costly.
Elders continue with interactions that are beneficial and withdrawal from those that are perceived as having a no benefit

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15
Q

What is the thriving: holistic lifespan theory

A 
There has been a decline in health, mental or physical with no real physical indication or any related illness.
Considers three factors:
The person
Human environment
Non-human environment
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16
Q

What are the two types of aging

A

Primary and secondary

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17
Q

What is primary aging

A

Loss of function in the body system or organ due to normal aging process; usually at the rate of 1% per year after age 30; effects all body systems

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18
Q

What is secondary aging

A

Changes in body systems or organs attributable to a disease process, an impairment, or a dysfunction not connected with the normal aging process

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19
Q

How does aging affect cognition

A

Slowing information processing, deficits and tasks requiring abstraction, and divided attention, and declines in fluid intelligence.
Fluid intelligence allows us to think on our feet with new situations.
They have crystallized learning which is knowledge acquired through the lifespan.

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20
Q

How does age affect the integumentary system

A

Skin: Cell replacement slows, wrinkles increase due to decreased blood supply and loss of elasticity.
Ability to sweat decreases
Easier bruising, spotting, and discoloration
Hair becomes then fine with loss of pigment
Nails become brittle, but grow more easily

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21
Q

How does aging affect neurological system

A

Slow nerve processing
Decrease number of brain cells
Loss of gray matter
Changing sleep cycles with less deep sleep, more light sleep

22
Q

How does aging affect visual senses

A

Visual: difficulty with light/dark adaptation.
Increased time to recover from glare.
Increased illumination needed to see details.
Some visual field loss either peripheral or central.

23
Q

How does aging affect auditory senses

A

Presbycusis: hearing loss due to aging
Sensory presbycusis: Leads to loss high-frequency sounds and degeneration of hair cells.
Neural presbycusis: Leads to decreased ability to distinguish between speech sounds Due to loss of auditory nerve fibers.
Mechanical presbycusis: Decreased ability to distinguish sounds because of Cochlear vibrating membrane

24
Q

How does age affect gustatory senses

A

Decrease salivation
Decreased ability to discriminate tastes
May lead to decreased dietary intake

25
Q

How does aging affect olfactory senses

A

Lessening ability to distinguish between pleasant and unpleasant odors
Maybe a safety concern

26
Q

How does aging affect tactile senses

A

Decrease sensitivity fingertips, palms, and lower extremities
General inability to perceive heat and cold

27
Q

How does aging affect kinesthesia senses

A

Decreased ability to determine when and what direction the head is moving
May lead to increased sensations of falling

28
Q

How does aging affect the musculoskeletal system

A

They may have stiff joints and decreased spinal mobility, reduction in high atrophy intervertebral disks and ligaments, increased bone porousness leads to loss of skeletal bone and elasticity.
Gradual decline in physical strength, muscle cells replaced by fat cells, hypotonia develops

29
Q

How does aging affect the cardiopulmonary system (What parts)

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Respiratory organs

30
Q

How does aging affect heart

A

Reduce cardiac output
Increased arrhythmias
Increased difficulty with cardiac muscle contraction dilation
Decreased tolerance for activities

31
Q

How does aging affect the blood vessels

A

General calcification within arteries
Aorta and peripheral vessels are less able to accommodate changes in arterial pressure.
Occurrence of edema lower extremities increases

32
Q

How does age affect the respiratory organs

A

Gradual decline and body fluid composition from 80% to 50% in cells.
Calcification of rib cartilage, decline in lung tissue elasticity, and decreasing muscle elasticity leads to decreased availability of oxygen

33
Q

How does age affect the digestive system

A

Slowed absorption
Less efficient use of nutrients
Increases sensitivity to milk, fried foods, and spicy foods

34
Q

How does aging affect the endocrine system

A

Overall decrease in hormone production, especially growth and anti-diuretic.
Women have a noticeable decrease in estrogen production.
Men have decreased testosterone production

35
Q

How does aging affect the urinary system

A

Decreased ability to concentrate urine.
More water needed to excrete the same amount of waste.
Eliminate larger amounts of urine throughout the day and night
Increased susceptibility to urinary track infection

36
Q

What are some myths about psychological aspects of aging

A
  1. The way chronological age determines how an elder acts and feels.
  2. You can’t teach an old dog new tricks
  3. As you age, you naturally become older and wiser
  4. Elders are not productive, especially at work
  5. Elders become more conservative as they age
  6. Elders prefer quiet tranquil daily lives
  7. All elders become senile
37
Q

What are some major common life stressors for elders

A 
Retirement
Loss of spouse
Economic changes
Residents relocation
Physical illness
Loss of friends
Reality of mortality
38
Q

How does a COTA work with elders going through stress

A

Always consider all the ways various life events affect elders and learn to understand what motivates certain behaviors

39
Q

Occupation is clearly a ____________ to health

A

Prerequisite

40
Q

What are some factors contributing to successful aging

A

Experience a sense of control over one’s life.
Practicing healthy habits.
Achieving continuity with one’s past.
Performing happy activities.
Participating in a social network of family and friends.

41
Q

What are the three different types of prevention for aging

A

Primary prevention-Avoid the onset of unhealthy conditions
Secondary prevention-Treatment to improve the person with disease
Tertiary prevention prevent further disability and progression of a condition

42
Q

What is the role of COTA in wellness and health promotion

A

Goal should be to prevent the progression of disease and the risk of disability and death.

43
Q

What is the ABC’s of the wellness model which would assist COTAs in encouraging their elder clients to learn to improve and maintain their health

A

Attitude: includes actively pursuing wellness.
Balancing: productive activity, positive social support, emotional expression, and environmental interaction
Control: health through education about behavior that leads to wellness

44
Q

Occupational therapy practitioners assist people to engage in those every day _______________ that they find to be meaningful and purposeful, helping those to perform needed or desired physical activities

A

Life activities

45
Q

What are the areas of occupation

A 
ADL
IADL
Rest and sleep
Education
Work
Play
Leisure
Social participation
46
Q

What are client factors

A

Values, beliefs, and spirituality
Body functions
Body structures

47
Q

What are performance skills

A 
Sensory perceptual skills
Motor and praxis skills
Emotional regulation skills
Cognitive skills
Communication and social skills
48
Q

What are performance patterns

A

Habits
Routines
Roles
Rituals

49
Q

What’s our context and environment

A 
Cultural
Personal
Physical
Social
Temporal
Virtual
50
Q

What’s are the activity demands

A 
Objects used in their properties
Space demands
Social demands
Sequencing and timing
Required actions
Required body functions
Required body structures
51
Q

What are the steps for intervention

A

Developing the intervention plan
Implementing the plan
Reviewing the intervention

52
Q

What are the scores on the FIM scoring

A
  1. Complete independence
  2. Modified independence
  3. Supervision
  4. Minimal contact assistance
  5. Moderate assistance
  6. Maximal assistance
  7. Total assistance
  8. Activity does not occur

Geriatrics (3 decks)

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