Quiz 2 Flashcards
purpose of SDLC
way to deliver efficient and effective information systems that fit with
the strategic business plan of an organization
where can SDLC occur
occur within an organization, be outsourced, or be a blending of the
two
waterfall model
output from each previous phase flows into or becomes the initial input for
the next phase
HL7
an accredited standards-developing not-for profit organization that is committed to developing standard terminologies for information technology that support interoperability of healthcare information management systems.
what is the SDLC composed of
a number of clearly and defined work phases
Work phases are used by engineers and developers to plan, design, test and build and deliver info systems
steps of developing a system
- understand problem or business needs
- Then understand solution or how to address needs
- Develop a plan
- Implement plan
- Evaluate implementation
- Maintenance, review and destruction
six phases of waterfall model
Feasibility → Analysis → Design → Implement → Test → Maintain
Rapid prototyping/ rapid application development (RAD)
Provides a fast way to add functionality through prototyping and user testing
Rapid requirements- gathering phase using workshops and focus groups to build a prototype application using real data →
Prototype is beta tested with users and feedback is used to perfect or add functionality and capabilities to the system
Object oriented systems development (OOSD)
Object oriented modeling makes an effort to represent real world objects by modeling real world entities or things (like hospital, patient, account) into abstract computer software objects
Overcomes traditional approach to create a digital twin - what would it look like once built
User is greatly involved
Dynamic system development method (DSDM): preproject
buy in or commitment is established and funding is secured
Dynamic system development method (DSDM): project life cycle - steps
- Feasibility
- Business studies
- Functional model iteration: Deliverables are a functional model and prototype ready
- Design and build iteration
- Implementation
Deliverables = the system, documentation and trained users
Dynamic system development method (DSDM): post project
Verify system is functioning properly
Maintenance schedule should begin
benefits of Computer aided software engineering tools
- Automate several required tasks in a systems development effort and encourage adherence to SDLC → high degree of rigor
- Help reduce cost and development time and increase quality
Open source software (OSS)
any programmer can implement, modify, apply, reconstruct and restructure rich libraries of source code from proven well tested products
*ONC & HL 7 push this
interoperability
ability to share information across organizations (i.e. patient data)
Important under HITECH Act
workflow
term used to describe action or execution of a series of tasks in a prescribed sequence
Progression of steps that constitute a work process, involve 2 or more persons and create or add value to the organization’s activities
what does SMART stand for
Substitutable Medical Applications, Reusable Technologies
T/F: SMART on FHIR is a health technology standard that enables secure and reliable medical data sharing.
True
Which hospitals implemented SMART on FHIR in their EHRs?
Intermountain Health
Boston Children’s Hospital
Partners Healthcare
main purpose of HL7
Exchange information between medical information systems
T/F: SMART and FHIR are organizations, while HL7 is a standard.
False
suitable selections for FHIR
a. Cloud communications
b. EHR-based data sharing
c. Server communication in large institutional healthcare providers
guidelines for transformative initiatives
Create a case for transformation.
Establish a vision for the end point.
Employ experts.
Consider the optimal experience.
Do not replicate the current state.
Focus on those initiatives that offer the greatest value to the organization.
Recognize that small gains have no real impact on transformation.
optimization
is the process of moving conditions past their current state and
into more efficient and effective method of performing tasks.
waste
classified as unnecessary activities or an excess of products to perform tasks.
what do you need to move from current state to future state
gap analysis
gap analysis
Gap analysis zeros in on the major areas most affected by the change, namely,
technology.
Gap analysis discussion should generate ideas from the group how about best to utilize the technology to transform practice
what happens if you don’t involve the end user
change is resisted and
efforts are subject to failure.
what do you do if you can’t internally benchmark
a suitable course of action is to benchmark against an external source such as a similar business practice within a different industry
when are process metrics collected
at the initial stage of project or problem
identification
what are current state metrics benchmarked against
benchmarked against internal indicators
levels of HL7
primary standards foundational standards clinical and admin domains EHR profiles implementation guidelines guidelines and references education and awareness
what does FHIR stand for
FAST HEALTHCARE INTEROPERABILITY RESOURCES
what is FHIR?
HL7 initiative that seeks to use modern web standards and technologies to simplify and expedite real-world interoperability solutions
2 examples of FHIR applications
sharing documents among members of a clinical team
support about a clinical decision
what is SMART?
It’s a technology platform for healthcare applications that directly supports interoperability (healthcare data being sent & received from system to system in real time
meaningful use
refers to rules and regulations established by the ARRA, HHS
The HITECH Act also provided significant monetary incentives for providers who engage in meaningful use of health information technology.
stage 1 of meaningful use
focus on data capture and sharing (2010-2011):
HHS wanted to see they were utilizing features of EHR
80% of patients should have entry in EHR
Capture the right data
Pt. access
Standardized language
HL7 = non profit
Penalties if you don’t achieve MU 1
stage 2 of meaningful use
advanced clinical processes (2014)
Generating patient lists by specific conditions
Using EHRs to provide and follow up preventative care
Online access
Visit summaries w/i 24 hours
Education resources from EHR for patient and for clinicians
stage 3 of meaningful use
improve outcomes (2017)
Introduce patient self mgmt tools Achieve through objectives and measures Electronic PHI Purposeful prescriptions electronically Interoperability!
key factors of any change management strategy
communication, planning, and support
