Quiz 2

Question 1

What was the first significant event that hapend in the history of life?

Answer 1

The first prokaryote life forms appear(internal membrane came after this)

Question 2

What came first endosymbiotic life with mitochondria or endosymbiotic life with chloroplast?

Answer 2

Endosymbiotic life with mitochondria

Question 3

What was the first vertebrate?

Answer 3

jawless fish

Question 4

What was the most recent event in history?

Answer 4

First primates

Question 5

Darwin/Wallace each concluded:

Answer 5

• environment somehow shaped species

- species vary due to natural selection

Question 6

What was the key idea from the Mathus (essay on population)

Answer 6

-more births occur than can be supported so only the ‘fit’ survive.

Question 7

What did Wallace conclude?

Answer 7

-environment had selected the best Asian bird and the best Australian bird to match the same fruit.

Question 8

Critical elements of Darwin’s theory:

Answer 8

1. Variations
2. struggle for existence
3. survival of the fittest
4. adaptation

Question 9

Variations

Answer 9

• individual members of species vary in physical characteristics
• physical variations can be passes from generation to generation

Question 10

Survival of the fittest

Answer 10

• certain members of the population are selected to produce more offspring because they happen to have a variation that makes them better suited to the environment.

Question 11

Struggle for existence

Answer 11

• the members of all species compete with each other for limited resources
• certain members are able to capture these resources better than others

Question 12

Adaptation

Answer 12

• natural selection causes a population of organisms and ultimately a species to become adapted to the environment
• the process is slow but each subsequent generation includes more individuals that are better adapted to the environment

Question 13

Theory of natural selection

Answer 13

over time the population changes as advantages heritable characteristics become more common generation after generation

Question 14

Homologous structures

Answer 14

share a common origin (similar structures) but have different functions ex. arm of human wing of a bird or a bat.

Question 15

Analogous structures

Answer 15

different structures that have a common function between unrelated species. ex. bat wings butterfly wings bird wings

Question 16

Vestgal structures

Answer 16

structures with no function in one organism but have a function in similar organisms ex. human appendix, pelvic bone of a whale

Question 17

Microevolution

Answer 17

• change in gene (allele) frequencies and phenotypic traits within populations and species; can result in the formation of new species.
• change within a species
• takes less time(10’s to 1000’s of years)
  eg. antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Question 18

Macroevolution

Answer 18

• large scale evolutionary change significant enough to warrant the classification of groups or lineages into distinct genera or even higher-level taxa
• takes a very long time (10 000’s millions of years)
  ex. evolution of birds or mammals -Darwin’s Finches

Question 19

Miller-Urey apparatus

Answer 19

• this experiment supported that life has come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules.
• hey showed that life can only come from life.

Question 20

Assumptions of Darwin

Answer 20

1. Offspring vary
2. some of this variation is heritable
3. more offspring are born than can survive
4. populations do not generally increase in size

Question 21

Inferences if Darwin

Answer 21

1. individuals of the same species will compete
2. the survivors will pass on their favourable traits to the next generation
3. overtime there will be more traits from the survivors in the population (survival of the fittest)