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MLS Blood Bank > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How often do centrifuges need serological calibration?

A

Once a year (annually)

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2
Q

How often do centrifuges need tachometer and timer calibrations?

A

Twice a year (semiannually)

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3
Q

What does a tachometer measure?

A

RPMs

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4
Q

How are the optimal speeds and times determined for hemagglutination rxns?

A

Hemagglutination rxns are performed using the centrifuge set for specific time and speed

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5
Q

How often are incubator, fridge, and freezer temps recorded?

A

Daily

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6
Q

How often are the alarms for fridges and freezers tested?

A

Quarterly (4 times a year)

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7
Q

When is an alarm for a fridge or freezer supposed to go off?

A

Before the upper or lower limit of the product temperature is reached (not when or after it is reached)

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8
Q

What is the temp range for QC reagents?

A

2-6C

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9
Q

What is the temp range for RBCs?

A

1-6C

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10
Q

What is the temp range for frozen plasma or cryo?

A

Less than or equal to -18C

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11
Q

How often are the clocks and stop watches tested?

A

Twice a year (against the atomic clock in Boulder)

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12
Q

How often are automated blood typing/screening systems tested?

A

It depends on the manufacturer guidelines - reagents are QC’d on the day of use

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13
Q

When is reagent QC done?

A

On the day of use (some are used daily)

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14
Q

For antisera reagent QC, what types of cells should be selected?

A

Heterozygous cells with weakened antigen expression

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15
Q

For reagent cell QC, what kind of antisera should be used?

A

Diluted antisera

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16
Q

What is the purpose of doing reagent QC with diluted Abs and weakly expressed Ags?

A

To ensure the reagents are sensitive enough to detect weakly expressed antigens and low quantity antibodies.

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17
Q

How long are records of QC and equipment validation stored for?

A

Approximately 10 years

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18
Q

How long are records for Ab IDs and donor deferrals stored for?

A

Indefinitely

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19
Q

How and why are records of errors or adverse reactions kept?

A
  • They are documented as SI reports

- To minimize errors that affect patients - aka process improvement

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20
Q

What are the requirements for labeling a pretransfusion sample?

A
  • Blood bank ID (a DH req.)
  • 2 patient identifiers
  • Time and date of draw
  • Initials of the person who did the draw
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21
Q

Why do type and hold specimens need to meet the same labeling requirements as type and screens?

A

Because the order could be converted to a type and screen and used for pretransfusion testing

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22
Q

If a type and screen is ordered and the patient has a negative Ab screen, what kind of crossmatch must be done before transfusion?

A

Only IS crossmatch is required

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23
Q

If a Ab screen is positive, what kind of crossmatch must be done before transfusion?

A

IS and IAT is required

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24
Q

In the case of an emergency transfusion can you give uncrossmatched blood? What type of blood do you give?

A
  • Yes, and then you would do a post-issue crossmatch.
  • Female of child-bearing age get O neg blood
  • Men and women older than 50yo get O pos blood
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25
Q

In an emergency situation, when is it acceptable to give O pos blood to a woman of child-bearing age?

A

After ten units of O neg blood have been given

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26
Q

When is it okay to give blood that is not crossmatched (pre or post)?

A

In the case of a massive transfusion, after 10 units have already been crossmatched (the pts blood volume is pretty much replaced at this point)

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27
Q

What is the average adult blood volume?

A

5000 mL

28
Q

How and when should platelets and cryo be crossmatched?

A
  • Plts and cryo should be the same Rh as the patient, but does not need to match the patient ABO type
  • If the product has more than 2 mLs of RBCs it has to be crossmatched
29
Q

How is blood selected for a neonate (4-6 months old or younger)?

A

Type O blood is usually given (to make sure the blood is compatible with mom and baby)
- If mom doesn’t have Abs there is no need for a crossmatch

30
Q

What are the requirements to qualify for an electronic transaction?

A

Two different draws with matching types, a negative screen, and no history of clinically significant Ab(s)

31
Q

If a patient has been recently transfused with nonspecific blood, can you still give them type specific blood after? Why or why not?

A

Yes, because there wasn’t any Abs in the nonspecific RBCs that were given (aka no plasma)

32
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an Rh neg patient?

A

Rh neg (Rh pos can be given in the case of an emergency)

33
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an O pos patient? List the choices in order.

A

O pos, O neg

34
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an A pos patient? List the choices in order.

A

A pos, A neg, O pos, O neg

35
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an B pos patient? List the choices in order.

A

B pos, B neg, O pos, O neg

36
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an AB pos patient? List the choices in order.

A

AB pos, AB neg, A pos, A neg, B pos, B neg, O pos, O neg

37
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an B neg patient? List the choices in order.

A

B neg, O neg, B pos, O pos

38
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an A neg patient? List the choices in order.

A

A neg, O neg, A pos, O pos

39
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an AB neg patient? List the choices in order.

A

AB neg, A neg, B neg, O neg, AB pos, A pos, B pos, O pos

40
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an A2 patient with anti-A1? List the choices in order.

A

O, A2

41
Q

What kind of blood should be given to an A2B patient with anti-A1? List the choices in order.

A

O, A2B, B, A2

42
Q

Define major crossmatch.

A

Crossmatch done with pt plasma and donor cells (current method)

43
Q

Define minor crossmatch.

A

Crossmatch done with pt cells and donor plasma (historical method).
* when whole blood was given

44
Q

If a pt has a positive Ab screen, what sort of crossmatch needs to be done?

A

IS and IAT crossmatch

45
Q

If a pt has a negative Ab screen and a history of a clinically significant Ab, what kind of crossmatch needs to be done?

A

IS and IAT crossmatch

46
Q

Which Abs may not be considered clinically significant and why?

A

Cold autos, anti-I (unless allo anti-I), MN, P1, Lewis

47
Q

If a patient has a negative Ab screen and a history of a warm auto, what kind crossmatch needs to be done?

A

IS crossmatch only, because warm autos are often transient Abs

48
Q

When is antigen typing a pt with an Ab not required?

A
  • When the pt has an Ab that is not clinically significant

- When the pt has an Ab to a low frequency Ag

49
Q

What kind of crossmatch is required for a pt with a clinically significant Ab to a low frequency Ag? Is antigen typing required?

A

IS and IAT crossmatch, with no Ag typing

50
Q

What kind of Ab ID and crossmatch might you do for a pt with a warm auto?

A

A saline ID and crossmatch

51
Q

What kind of Ab ID and crossmatch might you do for a patient with a cold auto?

A

A prewarmed ID and crossmatch

52
Q

If you suspect rouleaux in an antigen type or Ab ID, what sort of enhancement might you use to resolve this?

A

LISS enhancement (PEG is too strong)

53
Q

If a pt sample is positive in every IS donor crossmatch, what might be the reason?

A
  • The ABO may have been mistyped (strong reactions)
  • Could be due to rouleaux (weaker reactions)
  • Could also be a cold auto (do autocontrol)
54
Q

What might be the cause of incompatibility in an IAT crossmatch?

A
  • The pt could have an Ab to a lower frequency antigen that did not show up in the Ab screen or ID
  • The donor could be DAT pos
  • Pt could have a warm auto
55
Q

If a donor is DAT pos, what will the pt crossmatch look like? When can this donor donate again?

A

The pt crossmatch will be incompatible because the donor cells are coated with IgG and will react with the AHG
- Donor can donate when they are not DAT pos anymore, healthy blood can be DAT pos

56
Q

How should a unit of blood be properly labeled?

A

With ABO ID, at least 2 pt IDs, compatibility testing results, and donor ID number

57
Q

What needs to be recorded when releasing products?

A
  • Visual inspection, 2 pt IDs, and compatibility results
58
Q

How long are pre-transfusion samples kept for (pt sample and donor segment)?

A

7 days from the date of transfusion (day of transfusion is day 0)

59
Q

What might a change in color of an RBC product indicate?

A

Contamination

60
Q

What does a green tinge in plasma indicate? Is it okay to transfuse?

A

The donor was on birth control, yes it is safe to transfuse

61
Q

What does platelet swirl indicate?

A

It indicates that the platelets have not been activated (still have discoid shape) and are good for transfusion

62
Q

What might hemolysis in an RBC product indicate?

A

Contamination or old age

63
Q

Is it okay to transfuse a lipemic plasma product?

A

Yes

64
Q

What might icterus in a product indicate?

A

The donor could have had hepatitis

65
Q

What should be done with a clotted RBC product?

A

It should be taken out of stock and the collection center should be notified so they can improve their collection process

66
Q

What is a yellow clot in plasma made of?

A

It is a fibrin clot

MLS Blood Bank (3 decks)

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