Quiz 2 Flashcards
To understand how computers process information, we must study computers as collections of ____ that perform tasks such as information processing, information storage, computation, and data transfer
Functional Units
The acronym _____ is frequently used to refer to the memory unit of a computer.
RAM
There are _____ bytes in a gigabyte.
2^3
In a _____ , the original contents of the memory cell are unchanged.
Nondestructive Fetch
A cache is typically ____ times faster than RAM but much smaller.
5 to 10
To solve the difficulty of scaling memory organization, memories are physically organized into a ____-dimensional organization.
Two
The _____ are the devices that allow a computer system to communicate and interact with the outside world as well as store information.
Input/Output Units
The _____ of a disk is the time needed to position the read/write head over the correct track.
Seek Time
The _____ of a disk is the time for the beginning of the desired sector to rotate under the read/write head.
Latency
A(n) ____ handles the details of input/output and compensates for any speed differences between
I/O devices and other parts of the computer.
I/O Controller
To alert the computer that an input/output operation is done, a(n) _____ is transmitted to the processor.
Interrupt Signal
A(n) ____ is a storage cell that holds the operands of an arithmetic operation and that, when the operation is complete, holds its result.
Register
If a computer has a maximum of 2N memory cells, then each address field in a machine language instruction must be _____ bits wide to enable us to address every cell.
N
____ machines are designed to directly provide a wide range of powerful features so that finished programs for these processors are shorter.
CISC
A complex instruction set computer or _______ is a computer in which single instructions can execute several low-level operations (such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store) or are capable of multi-step operations or addressing modes within single instructions.
CISC
The______ operation in Von Neumann machines uses a special set of bits known as condition codes.
Compare
The ______ machine language instructions alter the normal sequential flow of control.
Branch
It is the task of the _____ to fetch and execute instructions.
Control Unit
The _____ holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.
Program Counter
During the ____ phase, the control unit circuitry generates the necessary sequence of control signals and data transfer signals to the other units of the computer to carry out the instruction.
Execute
In the SIMD parallel processing model, the control unit ____ instructions to every ALU.
Broadcasts
The way information is represented by humans and the way it is entered at the keyboard is known as the _____ of information.
External Representation
Any whole number that can be represented in base 10 can also be represented in base 2, although it may take _____ digits.
More
Using the leftmost bit of a number to represent the sign, with 0 meaning positive and 1 meaning negative is termed ____ notation.
Sign/Magnitude
ASCII is able to encode a total of ____ different characters.
256
UNICODE is able to encode a total of ____ different characters.
65536
The ______ of a sound wave is a measure of its loudness.
The Amplitude
The total number of _____ per second is called hertz.
Cycles
The ______ is the number of bits used to encode each sample.
Bit Depth
A(n) ____ is a distinct point located on an image’s surface.
Pixel
The True Color scheme uses _____ bits.
24
____ schemes compress data in a way that does not guarantee that all of the information in the original data can be fully and completely recreated.
Lossy Compression
There are _____ stable states in a bistable environment.
Two
Transistors are constructed from _____ , such as silicon and gallium arsenide.
Semiconductors
The _____ operation complements the value of a Boolean expression.
NOT
In a _____ , the values of the outputs depend only on the current values of the inputs.
Circuit
____ is a circuit construction algorithm.
Sum-Of-Products
What are the four steps of the sum-of-products algorithm?
truth table construction, subexpression construction using AND and NOT gates, subexpression combination using OR gates, circuit diagram production
A(n) ____ is a circuit that performs binary addition on two unsigned N-bit integers
Full Adder
A multiplexor chooses one specific input by using an additional set of N lines called _____ lines
Selector
1
A multiplexor is a circuit that has 2N input lines and _____ output line(s).
