quiz Flashcards
With regard to the blood-brain barrier and placenta, which of these ‘barriers’ represents a significant impediment to the passage of many drugs?
Blood-brain barrier
Drugs bound to plasma proteins are available immediately to carry out the action of the drug
False
Cytochrome P450 enzymes, found in the liver, can bring about which of the following effects?
formation of an inactive compound from an active drug
formation of an active drug from an inactive compound
formation of an active drug from an active drug
First pass effect metabolism of drugs by the liver applies to both orally and parentally administered drugs
False
The half-life of a drug represents the time it takes for the concentration of the drug to fall to _____ of the original blood concentration
50%
A drug with a short half-life will remain in the blood for __________ a drug with a longer half-life.
a shorter time than
The most rapid systemic drug effect is produced by administration of the drug by which route?
intravenous
An advantage of subgingival administration of a drug is:
it provides primarily local effects of the drug
Which of the following might be considered an adverse effect of a drug?
- an allergic reaction
- an exaggeration of the desired response
- an expected but undesired response
- all of the other responses are correct
all of the other responses are correct
T/F: An allergic reaction to an administered drug is dose dependent
False
If two drugs have the same potency but the first drug has greater efficacy than the second drug, this means that:
the maximal effect of the first drug is greater than the maximal effect of the second drug
A large therapeutic index value for a drug indicates that: the drug has no toxic effects
the drug is safer to use than a drug with a small therapeutic index
If one drug has greater potency than a second drug, this means that:
the first drug requires a lower dose to produce the same effect as a higher dose of the second drug
Benzodiazepines and antihistamines can promote increased sedation when combined
Drug-drug interaction
Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists can worsen asthma symptoms
Drug-disease interaction
Dairy products can decrease the absorption of the antibiotic tetracycline
Drug-food interaction
The sequence of events that triggers activation of a neuron is:
influx of sodium, influx of calcium, efflux of potassium
Local anesthetics typically act to directly prevent the influx of _______ ions into nerve cells.
sodium
T or F: The local pH matters when considering the effectiveness of local anesthetics because the local pH alters the degree to which the anesthetic can cross the nerve cell membrane
True
Which factor can influence the likelihood of an adverse reaction to a local anesthetic?
the size/weight of a patient
the concentration of the anesthetic that is injected
the rate of injection
the particular anesthetic that is used
Which TWO adverse effects might be seen when systemic (plasma) concentrations of a local anesthetic are too high?
central nervous system depression
Correct answer:
myocardial depression
A patient has a known allergy to sulfa drugs, which local anesthetic would be best administered to this patient
prilocaine
mepivacaine
lidocaine
When a vasoconstrictor, such as epinephrine, is included with a local anesthetic, the impact is:
longer duration of action of the local anesthetic
decreased build up of systemic concentrations of the local anesthetic
A patient has severe cardiovascular disease:
a reduced maximal dose of epinephrine should be used with this patient
