Antipsychotics and Mood disorder drugs Flashcards
How is mental illness related to oral health?
Mental illness is associated with increased risk of gum disease, tooth loss, and decay.
How can oral infection impact mental health?
Oral infection can lead to metastatic inflammation, weakening the immune system, which may increase vulnerability to depression.
What effect does comorbid drug use (alcohol, methamphetamine, nicotine, caffeine) have on oral health?
It increases acid reflux, which erodes tooth enamel.
How does anxiety affect oral health?
Anxiety and teeth clenching are associated with mandibular tension and can contribute to dental breakdown.
What are the common components in the diagnosis of mental disorders?
Behaviors, thoughts, feelings, signs & symptoms, distress and/or dysfunction (occupational, social), cultural determinants.
What are some examples of mood and thought disorders?
Schizophrenia, affective disorders (bipolar and major depression), anxiety disorders (phobia, PTSD, OCD).
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations, delusions, disordered speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
What are common cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia?
Attentional deficits, working memory impairment, deficient reasoning and problem-solving, impaired social cognition.
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Flat affect, lack of volition, poverty of speech, social withdrawal.
What are the symptoms of mania in bipolar disorder?
Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, grandiosity, decreased sleep, flight of ideas, distractibility, high-risk activities.
What are the symptoms of depression in bipolar disorder?
Feelings of sadness, anhedonia, vegetative symptoms, possible suicidal ideation.
What symptoms overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder?
Delusions, hallucinations, mood symptoms, with diagnosis often based on therapeutic response.
What characterizes major depressive disorder?
Feelings of sadness, anhedonia, loss of motivation, suicidal ideation, and vegetative symptoms.
What is implicated in the behaviors associated with mental illness?
Imbalance of monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin).
What are the main monoamine neurotransmitters involved in mental illness?
Dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE).
How do psychotherapeutic drugs increase effectiveness and decrease side effects?
By targeting multiple neurotransmitter systems.
What functions does serotonin affect in the brain?
Cognition, attention, socialization, appetite, arousal, motor activity.
What are the functions of dopamine in the brain?
Mesolimbic: Motivation, memory.
Mesocortical: Cognition, socialization.
Nigrostriatal: Motor planning & movement.
Tuberoinfundibular: Prolactin regulation.
What are the mechanisms of drug action in psychiatric treatment?
Reuptake Inhibition: Prevents monoamine uptake, increasing availability.
Enzymatic Breakdown Inhibition: Blocks MAO and COMT to prevent neurotransmitter breakdown.
Receptor Blockade: Antagonists prevent neurotransmitter activation of receptors.
What is the effect of typical antipsychotics?
They block dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathways, leading to extrapyramidal side effects.
What are examples of typical antipsychotics?
Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol.
How do atypical antipsychotics differ from typical ones?
They block both serotonin and dopamine receptors and are associated with weight gain and metabolic syndrome.
What are examples of atypical antipsychotics?
Olanzapine, Risperidone, Clozapine.
What are mood stabilizers used for?
To treat mood disorders such as bipolar disorder.
