Quiz Flashcards
What is the primary target organ for growth hormone?
Liver, bone, muscle
Growth hormone (GH) stimulates these organs through insulin-like growth factor-4 (IGF-4)
What hormone is released in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
Fill in the blank: The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is _______.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
What are the pharmacologic applications of drugs that mimic or block hypothalamic and pituitary hormones?
- Replacement therapy for hormone deficiency states
- Antagonists for diseases caused by excess production of pituitary hormones
- Diagnostic tools for identifying endocrine abnormalities
Which hormone is used rarely as a diagnostic test for growth hormone sufficiency?
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
True or False: Prolactin (PRL) is involved in the diagnostic use of anterior pituitary hormones.
False
All anterior pituitary hormones except prolactin participate in hormonal systems regulating hormone production.
What is the function of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Regulates the production of thyroid hormones
TSH is used to assess thyroid function and recurrence of thyroid carcinoma.
What are the key hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
What is the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) in relation to growth hormone?
Mediates the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone
IGF-I is also known as somatomedin C.
Fill in the blank: The structure of somatropin closely resembles that of _______.
Prolactin
What regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
The release of TSH is inhibited by thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
What is the significance of the 191-amino-acid peptide in growth hormone?
It is the predominant native form of human growth hormone
This peptide has two sulfhydryl bridges.
What hormones stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
The release is stimulated by pulses of GnRH.
What is the effect of cortisol on ACTH production?
Inhibits ACTH production
True or False: Gonadotropin and GnRH production are inhibited in women by testosterone.
False
In women, estrogen and progesterone inhibit gonadotropin and GnRH production.
