Quiz 14: Congenital Disorders Flashcards
How many infants are born with a congenital disorder?
1%
3%
5%
10%
3%
Which infants should be examined after delivery for a congenital disorder?
Postterm infants
Infants with 3 vessels in their umbilical cord
Infants that have a low
Apgar score
All infants
All infants
When should you anticipate the birth of an infant with a congenital disorder?
In patients younger than 35 years
In patients who received penicillin during early pregnancy
In patients with poorly controlled diabetes
In patients who smoked cigarettes during their pregnancy
In patients with poorly controlled diabetes
How should you manage an infant with a clubbed foot?
Refer the infant to an orthopaedic clinic within the first 72 hours after delivery.
Refer the infant to a level 3 hospital for surgical correction.
Ask the mother to bring the infant back at 2 weeks for a further examination.
A clubbed foot corrects spontaneously and, therefore, does not need to be treated.
Refer the infant to an orthopaedic clinic within the first 72 hours after delivery.
Dislocation of the hip should be diagnosed by:
Taking an X-ray of the hips of all infants
By inspecting the infant for a mass in the groin
By performing an Apt test on all infants before discharge
By doing a Barlow’s test on all infants after delivery
By doing a Barlow’s test on all infants after delivery
How should you manage an infant with a dislocated hip?
Nurse the infant in double nappies.
Refer the infant as soon as possible to an orthopaedic clinic for splinting.
Examine the infant again in 2 weeks to determine whether the hip has returned to normal.
Strap the hip to prevent pain.
Refer the infant as soon as possible to an orthopaedic clinic for splinting.
An undescended testis in a term infant:
Is normal.
Often descends spontaneously by 3 months.
Needs urgent surgical correction.
Indicates that the infant has ambiguous genitalia.
Often descends spontaneously by 3 months.
Infants with a hypospadias should be:
Circumcised
Referred to a level 3 hospital for urgent surgery
Referred to a urology clinic
Booked for a follow-up examination at 5 years
Referred to a urology clinic
Infants with ambiguous genitalia:
Should all be brought up as females
Should be referred to a plastic surgery clinic when they are 1 month old
Should be seen again at 6 months when it is easier to decide whether they are male or female
Should be referred urgently to a level 3 hospital for further investigation
Should be referred urgently to a level 3 hospital for further investigation
An inguinal hernia:
Is common in preterm infants.
Transilluminates well.
Should be referred for surgical correction when the infant is 3 months old.
Is usually seen in girls.
Is common in preterm infants.
Infants that appear normal but have a single umbilical artery:
Have Down syndrome.
Should be carefully examined for other abnormalities.
Can be discharged as these are common minor abnormalities that cause no problem.
Should be referred urgently to a genetics clinic for chromosome analysis.
Should be carefully examined for other abnormalities.
How should infants with a cleft lip be managed?
These infants should be referred to a plastic surgeon.
The cleft lip can be stitched closed at 6?months by a medical officer at a level 2 hospital.
The cleft lip closes spontaneously and, therefore, does not need treatment.
Nothing can be done and most of these infants die in the first few months.
These infants should be referred to a plastic surgeon.
Oesophageal atresia should be suspected if:
Intra-uterine growth restriction is diagnosed
Oligohydramnios was present during the pregnancy
Polyhydramnios was present during the pregnancy
The mother develops hypertension during pregnancy
Polyhydramnios was present during the pregnancy
How does oesophageal atresia often present in the newborn infant?
A distended abdomen and a double bubble on X-ray
The infant dribbles saliva and a nasogastric tube cannot be passed into the stomach.
An infant vomits bile.
The infant has a hoarse cry.
The infant dribbles saliva and a nasogastric tube cannot be passed into the stomach.
Vomiting green bile after delivery suggests a diagnosis of:
Oesophageal atresia
Duodenal atresia
An absent anus Meningomyelocoele
Duodenal atresia
What is the immediate management of a meningomyelocoele?
Cover it with sterile gauze.
Leave it exposed.
Paint it with gentian violet.
Apply surgical spirits.
Cover it with sterile gauze.
Down syndrome is due to:
An extra chromosome 13
An extra chromosome 18
An extra chromosome 21
A missing chromosome 22
An extra chromosome 21
Which of the following is a sign of Down syndrome?
Small eyes
No anus
Convulsions
Hypotonia (floppy)
Hypotonia (floppy)
Infants born with the fetal alcohol syndrome often have:
An upward slant of the eyes
A long, smooth upper lip
Hydrocephalus
Single palmar creases
A long, smooth upper lip
When speaking to parents of an infant with congenital disorders, it is best:
To tell them as soon as possible
To wait until all the results of the special investigations are available
Not to allow them to see the infant until they have had a chance to get over the shock
To let them discover for themselves that their infant is abnormal
To tell them as soon as possible
