quiz Flashcards
chattel slavery
a form of slavery in which one person owns another
fourth world
a term that describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on the world stage
GINI coefficient
a measure of income inequality between countries using a 100 point scale, in which 1 represents complete equality and 100 represents the highest possible inequality
global stratification
the unequal distribution of resources between countries
modernization theory
a theory that low income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure and a shift in cultural attitudes towards work
peripheral nations
nations on the fringes of the global economy, dominated by core nations, with very little industrialization
underground economy?
an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections
A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a ____ perspective to understand the global economy
conflict theory
A ____ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure
functional
A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would
want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day to day basis
France might be classified as which kind of nation
core
In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their American factories and relocated to China. This is an example of
capital flight
slavery in the pre civil war American south most closely resembled
chattel slavery
Maya a 12 year old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not known where she wil sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in ___ poverty
absolute
Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does no have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in?
Relative poverty
Faith has a full time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that with her education and experience her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing
subjective poverty
in an American town, mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. they sell goods to the workers at inflated prices, offer house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and make sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. this most closely resembles
debt slavery
one flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize
that previously low income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations
One flaw in the modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize?
its inherent ethnocentric bias
if sociologist says that nations evolve towards more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using __ theory to study the global economy
modernization theory
if a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations he is a
dependency theory
dependency theorists explain global inequality and global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that
core nations exploit peripheral nations
Resilience (Mills and Khan)
Mills: top of three institutions (corporate executive, political leaders, military commanders) have power and strive to maintain it
Khan looks at cultural aspects: what allows them to maintain their position?
What does “challenging the elite empowers the elite?
the elite had to reinvent itself under criticism and got out stronger and more resilient
Constitution of identities?
constructivist perspective, identity not fixed, rigid, can be reinvented
Exclusionary mechanism
Bourdieu: social capital, but also cultural capital
Democratization of certain symbols?
tourism
Elitization of others
bohemian life style
What does reappropriation do and example?
changes their meaning; flamenco (dance of marginalized gypsies in marginalized poor Andalucia, appreciated by wealthy european tourists (orientalism), changed its meaning and who performs it
Cultural elite
rebirth based on new values and norms ( more open)
“elite have changed. they are now more open and meritocratic. they are also engine of inequalities
Functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism
some nations are better than others at adapting to new technologies and profiting form a globalized economy, and that when core nation companies locate in peripheral nations, they expand the local economy and benefit the workers
creation and reproduction of inequality. core nations exploit the resources of peripheral nations
meanings individuals attach to global stratification and the subjective nature of poverty. how someone in the core defines as poverty (relative poverty) vs someone living in a peripheral nation
Wallerstein
dependency theory: Marxist influence
International migration has little to do with wage rates or employment differentials between states; it is linked to the structure of the world market that has developed since the 16th century; owner of big corporation enter poor countries for raw material, labor, consumers.
international migration is the direct result of capitalist market formation in the developing world. the international flow of labor follows the international flows of good but in the opposite direction
feminization of poverty
wage differences, female-headed households, informal employment, domestic violence, lower access to education and healthcare, patriarchal structure, household chores inequalities
health in low income countries
inadequate health facilities; no proper sanitation->drink polluted water-> greater chance for contracting infectious diseases, malnourishment hunger, people are most likely to die in infancy, children die form illnesses treatable in high income countries
