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BPT02 Research and Evidence in Physiotherapy > Quiz > Flashcards

Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What does the acronym PICO stand for?

A

P: Population and Problem
I: Intervention
C: Comparison or Control
O: Outcome

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2
Q

Name the 3 key characteristics in quantitative research

A
  • Process is deductible
  • Data is numeric
  • Pre-specified methods are used
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3
Q

Name the 4 key objectives of quantitative research

A
  • To predict
  • To compare
  • To describe
  • To evaluate
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4
Q

What does the acronym SPIDER stand for?

A 
S: Sample
PI: Phenomenon of Interest
D: Design
E: Evaluation
R: Research Type
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5
Q

What is the definition of internal validity?

A

Level to which independent variable caused the outcome of the study. In other words, is your outcome actually measuring what was intended to measure?

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6
Q

Name the 5 Steps of EBM

A
  1. Ask a clinical question
  2. Acquire the best evidence
  3. Appraise the evidence
  4. Apply the evidence
  5. Assess your performance
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7
Q

Why is ethics so important?

A

To protect research participants from harm: Physical, psychological.
In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Moral responsibility of researchers. Insurance for researchers.

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8
Q

Explain what is beneficence for ethics

A

The intention of a study: to do good, and not waste the participants time. The rights of the individual > the greater good.

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9
Q

Give 3 examples of bias

A

Researchers Bias:

  • Components of the environment and/or setting.
  • Individual participants and/or sample.
  • How groups were formed.

Measurement tools:

  • Data collection process.
  • Data and duration of study.
  • Statistical tests and analysis interpretation.
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10
Q

Name the 6 basic principals of ethics

A
  • Autonomy
  • Non-Maleficence
  • Beneficence
  • Justice
  • Confidentiality
  • Dissipation of knowledge
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11
Q

Name the 3 boolean operators you can use while doing a PUBMED search

A
  • AND
  • OR
  • NOT
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12
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Patients are always allowed to withdraw from a trial except during the first 48h after signing informed consent.

A

False

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13
Q

TRUE/FALSE. The acronym SPIDER is used for defining keywords in mixed methods research.

A

True.

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14
Q

TRUE/FALSE. In qualitative research, the purpose is a deep understanding of a phenomenon.

A

True.

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15
Q

TRUE/FALSE. External validity refers to weather the results of a study can be extra-polated to other populations than the ones that were studied.

A

True.

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16
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Efficacy refers to the extent to which an intervention produces a beneficial outcome under day to day circumstances.

A

False.

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17
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Efficiency refers to the extent to which the balance between input (costs) and outputs (outcomes) on interventions represents value for money.

A

True.

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18
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Effectiveness refers to extent to which intervention produces beneficial outcomes under ideally controlled/laboratory circumstances.

A

False.

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19
Q

TRUE/FALSE. In the hierarchy of scientific evidence, Systematic review are ranked higher than Randomized control trial.

A

True.

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20
Q

TRUE/FALSE. In the hierarchy of scientific evidence, in vitro studies are the highest ranked.

A

False.

21
Q

Name the different strategies that can be used in a PUBMED search.

A
  • Boolean operators
  • Alternative word strategy
  • Truncation strategy
  • MeSH terms
  • Quotation mark strategy
22
Q

Name 3 components of a critical appraisal of a quantitative research.

A
  • Was the purpose stated clearly?
  • Was relevant background literature reviewed?
  • What is the study design?
  • Was the sample described in detail?
  • Was sample size justified?
  • Were outcome measures reliable/valid?
  • Intervention described in detail?
  • Contamination avoided?
  • Co-intervention avoided?
  • Results were reported in terms of statistical significance?
  • Were the analysis methods appropriate?
  • Clinical importance was reported?
  • Conclusions were appropriate given study methods and results?
23
Q

What are the components of an ethical approval request?

A
  • Detailed study outline/proposal.
  • Participant information sheet.
  • Informed consent form.
  • Participant debrief.
  • Secondary info, such as outcome measures.
  • Budget planning.
24
Q

Define anecdotal evidence

A

Evidence collected in a casual or informal manner and relying heavily or entirely on personal testimony: Story told by individuals.
Many forms from product testimonials to word to mouth.
Driven by emotions, and presented by individuals who are not subject area experts.

25
Q

Define independent and dependent variables.

A

Independent variable: Intervention.

Dependent variable: Outcome, variable that is being observed. Should only vary in response to the independent variable.

26
Q

Nae 3 features/characteristics of a Case Study/Series

A

Descriptive information of exposure/outcome.
Explore new treatment with limited knowledge.
No control group.
Often qualitative.
Test new hypothesis.

27
Q

TRUE/FALSE. In before/after design, the outcomes are compared in a prospective way before and after an intervention.

A

True.

28
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Single case design are by convention designed by letters: Baseline(A) and treatment (B).

A

True.

29
Q

Anecdotal evidence?: I had a nice evening at the new meat restaurant next door, it is a good restaurant

A

True.

30
Q

Anecdotal evidence?: I failed the research exam, this exam is difficult.

A

True.

31
Q

Anecdotal evidence?: This medication has been tested for sleep disorders on 150 patients. It is statiscally efficient.

A

False.

32
Q

Anecdotal evidence?: Drinking Energy drinks will make me healthier

A

True.

33
Q

Anecdotal evidence?: Doberman dogs are dangerous. I read an article in the newspaper that this bread bites.

A

True.

34
Q

Anecdotal evidence?: I collected evidence in a systematic review that exergames can be used for rehabilitation purposes

A

False.

35
Q

Anecdotal evidence?: If you go out with your hair wet, you will be sick

A

True.

36
Q

Efficacy refers to the extent to which an intervention produces a beneficial outcome under day to day circumstances

A

False.

37
Q

Efficiency is the extent to which the balance between input and outputs on interventions represents value for money

A

True.

38
Q

Effectiveness is the extent to which intervention produces beneficial outcomes under ideally laboratory circumstances

A

False.

39
Q

Internal validity of a test refers to whether the test is reliable or not.

A

False.

40
Q

External validity is whether the results of a study can be extrapolated to other populations than the ones studied.

A

True.

41
Q

In which steps of the EVIDENCE BASE is the literature search?

A

Step 2.

42
Q

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate source of information?

  • International peer-reviewed journal
  • World health organisation (WHO)
  • Google scholar
  • Women’s health
A

Women’s Health

43
Q

What does the OR in Boolean operator means in A OR B?

  • You will have all the information with A and B.
  • You will have information only on A.
  • You will have none information with A and B.
  • You will have information only on B.
A

You will have all the information with A and B.

44
Q

Which of the following is not a technique used to search articles on PUBMED?

  • Boolean operators
  • Mesh terms
  • Quotation strategy
  • All text strategy
A

All text strategy

45
Q

TRUE/FALSE. You can find similar articles from your topics on PUBMED.

A

True

46
Q

TRUE/FALSE. You should only use meta analyis and RCT in pubmed.

A

False.

47
Q

TRUE/FALSE. All fields takes into consideration all the recent papers even though not indexed.

A

True.

48
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Alternative word strategy can be used for pubmed search.

A

True.

49
Q

3 pillars of EBP

A
  • Best available evidence
  • Clients Values and Preferences
  • Clinical expertise

BPT02 Research and Evidence in Physiotherapy (10 decks)

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