quiz 11

Question 1

Glaciers that move via basal sliding can often undergo surges in which they move at a much faster rate than normal because they

Answer 1

have very low frictional contact with bedrock

Question 2

The Milankovitch cycles include the effect of the changes in … because of changes in the …. Of Earth relative to the Sun.

Answer 2

eccentricity of orbit; orientation

Question 3

The polar ice caps on Mars are an example of what type of glacier?

Answer 3

continental

Question 4

The Mars rover Curiosity has recently found evidence that there was liquid water on the planet’s surface at some point in its history. Because we have not found any liquid water on the planet today, what does this imply about Mars?

Answer 4

The climate was once warm enough that much of the polar ice caps melted.

Question 5

A glacier will always advance from its source area if the rate of accumulation is greater than the rate of

Answer 5

ablation

Question 6

…. glaciers cover vast areas of land, whereas.
_______ glaciers are restricted to
mountains.

Answer 6

continental: alpine

Question 7

The cross-section of valleys carved by glaciers tend to be shaped like the letter ___, whereas valleys carved by water tend to be shaped like the letter …

Answer 7

U; v

Question 8

By increasing the albedo of Earth, global ice sheets produce conditions that are _______- to their further advance, thus providing an example of _____- _ feedback.

Answer 8

favorable; positive

Question 9

A(n) …. in estatic sea level is ultimately the result of a …_ event.

Answer 9

decrease; global cooling

Question 10

Cirques and horns are features associated with

Answer 10

mountain glaciation

Question 11

An intermediate product in the transformation of snow to glacial ice is

Answer 11

firn

Question 12

You are hiking in your favorite forest when you encounter a surface that appears to have very fine scratches in it. What are these features?

Answer 12

striations

Question 13

…. involves the internal flowing of ice under, generally, solid conditions, via the breaking and reforming of chemical bonds.

Answer 13

plastic deformation

Question 14

glacial ice exhibits … behavior near the top but … behaviour beneath a depth of about 60m

Answer 14

brittle; plastic

Question 15

sea levels … during glacials and … during interglacials

Answer 15

decreases ; increase

Question 16

If a volcano were to erupt and release large amounts of ash into the air, how would this affect the climate on Earth?

Answer 16

The ash would increase the albedo and decrease the global temperature.

Question 17

The Milankovitch Cycles largely describe the relation of the distance between the
Earth and the …. which affects the amount of insolation Earth receives. [Note
that cycles also depend on the inclination of the rotation axis of the Earth.]

Answer 17

sun

Question 18

Which types of features would you find in a glacially carved mountain landscape?

Answer 18

cirques, arêtes, horns

Question 19

Sediments deposited directly by glaciers as they melt are termed

Answer 19

till

Question 20

Cirques, horns, and arêtes form from glacial … whereas moraines, erratics, and till form from glacial ….

Answer 20

erosion; deposition

Question 21

During the Pleistocene Ice Age glaciers reached as far south as

Answer 21

Long Island, New York, USA

Question 22

glaciers during the Pleistocene Ice Age stretched all the way to Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska

Answer 22

continental

Question 23

Ice is a substance with a high albedo, which means it

Answer 23

reflects most of the light that falls on it

Question 24

… can be recognized as a series of U-shaped hills that are lined up and represent the …. glacier.

Answer 24

Recessional moraines; retreat

Question 25

During the Pleistocene Ice Age, glaciers covered much of the ___ _ _ _ __ and contained several … centres

Answer 25

Northern Hemisphere; accumulation

Question 26

Glacial ice forms when snow accumulates in large enough volumes to compact and force …
out and … the ice crystal size.

Answer 26

air; increase

Question 27

The loss of rain forests through burning or removal of trees for agricultural use of the land would contribute to a(n) ______.
.._ in the atmospheric greenhouse gases, thereby …. global warming.

Answer 27

increase; increasing