question i got wrong in quiz

Question 1

The distinction between the crust and the mantle is primarily on the basis of a difference in

Answer 1

composition

Question 1

The primary difference between lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle that gives rise to numerous different patterns of physical behavior is ________.

Answer 1

temperature: the lithosphere is cooler than the asthenosphere

Question 2

At transform plate boundaries, ________.

Answer 2

earthquakes are common but volcanoes are absent

Question 3

Which layer of Earth does NOT contain silicates?

Answer 3

outer core

Question 4

The interior of Earth consists almost entirely of ________ rock.

Answer 4

solid

Question 5

In general, if a body of igneous (source) rock is subjected to partial melting, the magma that is produced is expected to be ________.

Answer 5

more felsic than the source rock

Question 6

Volcanic arcs form along ________ boundaries.

Answer 6

convergent

Question 7

The textural term for a basaltic lava flow that has a smooth, ropy appearance is ________.

Answer 7

pahoehoe

Question 8

Thick accumulations of sediments and fossils in the deep ocean tend to be ________-sized due to the low amounts of energy.

Answer 8

clay

Question 9

A sill is a(n) ________.

Answer 9

tabular intrusion that lies parallel to surrounding layers of sedimentary rock

Question 10

What traits would a clastic sedimentary rock have if it had traveled far from its source and was carried in a current with uniform energy? What environment would this be?

Answer 10

A clastic rock that had traveled far from its source and carried in a uniform energy current would have well-rounded, well-sorted sediment that would contain very stable minerals such as quartz. This environment would be a beach

Question 11

Throughout Earth’s history North America has hosted shallow inland seas. Why is the interior of North America dry today?

Answer 11

The North American continental crust has thickened significantly since the last inland sea.

Question 12

The formation of a hotspot is thought to be associated with ________.

Answer 12

mantle plumes

Question 13

If horizontal sedimentary strata overlie tilted strata (and no fault is present), the surface between the horizontal and tilted strata must be a(n) ________.

Answer 13

angular unconformity

Question 14

A tilted sequence of sedimentary rocks violates which principle?

Answer 14

original horizontality

Question 15

Radiometric dates applied to sedimentary rocks produce ages that ________.

Answer 15

are too old (predate sedimentary deposition)

Question 16

Metamorphism includes a solid-state change in a rock due to heat, pressure, and/or hydrothermal fluids. Explain what is meant by solid-state change.

Answer 16

A solid-state change takes place when the rock is solid, in other words the rock has not been melted or weathered into a solution. All changes in size, shape, or composition of minerals is done while the rock remains solid.

Question 17

Which of the following processes CANNOT occur in the formation of metamorphic rock?
the realignment of minerals so that they develop a preferred orientation
the segregation of minerals into layers of different compositions
the solid-state rearrangement of atoms or ions to create a new assemblage of minerals
complete remelting of the rock, followed by solidification to form a new rock

Answer 17

complete remelting of the rock, followed by solidification to form a new rock

Question 18

Did the dinosaurs walk on Pangea?

Answer 18

Yes, some of them did, because Pangea did not break up until the Jurassic Period.

Question 19

Which of the following would NOT be considered evidence for an orogeny?

folded strata
thrust faulting
disconformities
sedimentary basins

Answer 19

disconformities

Question 20

The majority of the rocks that are formed at the surface of Earth are ________ rocks.

Answer 20

sedimentary

Question 21

How were mammals able to take over as the dominant class of organisms on Earth?

Answer 21

Mammals were able to take over after the dinosaurs were wiped out. The small rodent-like mammals from the Mesozoic were able to adapt and fill the ecological niches left by the dinosaurs.

Question 22

Marble and quartzite are nonfoliated rocks because ________.

Answer 22

both are dominated by minerals that produce equant grains

Question 23

As compared with metamorphism, diagenesis ________.

Answer 23

takes place at lower temperatures and pressures

Question 24

Buried erosional surfaces between parallel sedimentary strata are termed ________

Answer 24

disconformities

Question 25

The primary difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate ________

Answer 25

possesses more rounded grains than breccia

Question 26

What is the difference between the formations of chalk versus chert?

Answer 26

They are made of different source materials.

Question 27

Pyrite (FeS2) is in which mineral class?

Answer 27

sulfides

Question 28

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed ________.

Answer 28

weathering