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Pharmacology Seneca > Quiz 11 > Flashcards

Quiz 11 Flashcards

1
Q

COX

A

Cyclooxygenase

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2
Q

COX-1

A

Maintains physiologic functions such as renal blood flow, platelet function and, gastric mucosal integrity.

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3
Q

COX-1 Negative affects

A

Reduced renal blood flow, bleeding, GI ulceration.

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4
Q

NSAID most common side effects

A

GI ulceration and bleeding

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5
Q

Less common NSAID Side effects

A

Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, inhibition of cartilage metabolism, bone marrow supression and, bleeding tendencies

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6
Q

Where are NSAIDS well absorbed?

A

The stomach

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7
Q

NSAIDS don’t block what pain?

A

Severe somatic or visceral pain

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8
Q

PgE Would Normally Do All of The Following:

A

1) Decrease volume/acidity/pepsin content of gastric secretions.
2) Stimulate secretion of HCO-3 t neutralize acid entering stomach.
3) Increase perfusion of gastric mucosa : stimulate gastric & enteric mucus production.
4) Stimulate turnover & repair of GI epithelial cells.

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9
Q

PgE is?

A

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent inflammatory mediator that is generated by cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) conversion of arachidonic acid.

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10
Q

COX 2 Inhibition

A

Beneficial effects

Suppression of inflammation

Alleviation of pain

Reduction of fever

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11
Q

Propionic Acids

A 
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Carprofen
Ketoprofen (cox & lox)
Vedaprofen
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12
Q

Salicylates

A

Aspirin

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13
Q

Enolic Acids

A

Phenylbutazone

dipyrone

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14
Q

Pyranocarboxylic

A

Etodolac

Ketorolac

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15
Q

Oxicams

A

Meloxicam

Piroxicam

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16
Q

Nicotinic acid

A

Flunixin meglumine

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17
Q

Fenamtes

A

Meclofenamic acid

Tolfenamic acid

18
Q

Coxib-class

A

Deracoxib
Fibrocoxib
Robenacoxib

19
Q

Para-aminophenol

A

Acetaminophen

20
Q

1st Generation

A

Aspirin , Phenylbutazone , Meclofenamic acid

21
Q

2nd Generation

A

Carprofen , Etodolac , Meloxicam , Tolfenamic acid , Ketoprofen

22
Q

3rd Generation

A

Tepoxilin , Deracoxib , Firocoxib , Mavacoxib , Robenacoxib , Cimicoxib

23
Q

COMMON NSAID’s: Phenylbutazone

A

BUTAZONE®️ , BIZOLIN®️ , CENTRIBUTE®️ , EQUIPALAZONE®️ ……
(Trade Names)
Musculoskeletal lameness , pyrexia associated with viral* infection

Prolonged half life in ruminants = every 2-3 days

24
Q

COMMON NSAID’s: Naproxen

A

ANAPROX®️ , NAXEN®️ , APO-NAPROXEN®️
(Trade Names)
HORSES are only used for BUTE but are said to be better than BUTE.

Extremely effective for muscle pain & soft tissue injuries in horses

Has enterohepatic circulation in dogs and therefore this extends the half life , 3 days

25
Q

COMMON SAID’s: Carprofen

A

RIMADYL ®️ (Trade Names)
Preferentially inhibits COX-2 , therefore the adverse effects of NSAID’s is decreased, first one licensed as such.

Antipyretic , analgesic , anti-Infl. , anti-platelet function.

26
Q

COMMON SAID’s: Ketoprofen

A

ANAFEN®️ (Trade Names)
COX-1 AND LIPOXYGENASE inhibitor

Does not mix well with other drugs

Do not use with other NSAID’s / steroids

27
Q

COMMON SAID’s: Flunixin meglumine

A

BANAMINE®️ (Trade Names)
Licensed for use in horses: colic, uveitis

Potent , effects comparable to the opioids

Sequesters in inflammatory sites*
Oral – paste or IV (optimal)
Muscle injections associated with clostridial myositis

28
Q

Common NSAIDs: Meloxicam

A

METACAM®️

Preferentially inhibits COX-2

Musculoskeletal disorders in dogs cats*

*indications of use

29
Q

Common NSAIDs: Etodolac

A

ETOGESIC®️

Osteoarthritis in dog
Removed from the market.

Still can order generic compounds
of the active ingredient.

30
Q

Common NSAIDs: Vedaprofen

A

Vetprofen®️ & Quadrisol®️ 100(Trade Names)

Osteoarthritis in dogs
Pain and inflammation in horses (+/- colic)
Paste
It is not a permitted medication for Equine Canada or
FEI.
Withdrawal Time: 72 hours

31
Q

COMMON NSAIDs: Acetysalicyclic acid

A

Human Preparations:

		Aspirin , Ecotrin , Entrophen (Trade Names) Controls mild to moderate pain. DJD , Saddle thrombus in cats , heartworm disease. Significantly lower doses used for cats    GIT ulceration , von Willebrand’s ,  asthma
32
Q

NSAID - Acetominophen

A

Tylenol
Poisonous in cats
Rarely used in veterinary medicine unless combined with codeine
Reduces fever and likely reduces the perception of pain (not inflammation)
Gastrointestinal side effects are rare but it can cause liver and kidney dysfunction in all animals
Poisonous in cats: liver damage, methemoglobin (chocolate-colored mucous membranes) and dark urine caused by methemoglobin in the blood and urine

33
Q

DOMOSO™

A

DMSO
Compound is dimethyl sulfoxide
Anti-infl. , analgesic ; interferes with neutrophil chemotaxis , potent diuretic
Many uses , many off label!!!

34
Q

DMSO Cautions

A

Wear gloves!!
Thoroughly cleanse area to avoid absorption of Bacterial toxins, Chemicals, Oils, grease, insecticides

Applied topically:
Erythema, Edema, pruritus
Horses it can cause hemolysis
Hemoglobinuria
IV injections <20%
Not considered safe in pregnant animals
35
Q

MSM: Flexagen®

A

{Methylsulfonylmethane}
A metabolite of DMSO

…expected to scavenge oxygen radicals, and provide analgesic effects

36
Q

PSGAG: Adequan®

A

{Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan}
A potent proteolytic enzyme inhibitor that diminishes or reverses the processes that result in the loss of cartilaginous mucopolysaccharides.

Noninfectious degenerative and/or traumatic joint dysfunction and associated lameness

37
Q

Hyaluronase®

A

Hyaluronic Acid:
A linear polydisaccharide (glucuronic acid + glucosamine) , it is an essential component of synovial fluid.
Acts as a lubricant by increasing viscosity of synovial fluid
Antiinflammatory action comes from suppression of PG
Persists in joints for several days if given IA
Half life in horses is 96 hours if given IV

38
Q

Oral Nutraceuticals: Cosequin®

A

Synthesized glucosamine
Chrondroitin sulfates
Manganes ascorbate

39
Q

Oral Nutraceuticals: Glyco-flex®

A

Mucopolysaccharides
Mixed glycosaminoglycans
Chelating metals

40
Q

Nutraceuticals:

A

Non-drug substance
Purified and extracted
Administered orally
Provides nutritional building blocks for normal body structure and function
Intent is to improve health and well being

Pharmacology Seneca (17 decks)

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