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Pharmacology Seneca > Quiz 11 > Flashcards

Quiz 11 Flashcards

1
Q

COX

A

Cyclooxygenase

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2
Q

COX-1

A

Maintains physiologic functions such as renal blood flow, platelet function and, gastric mucosal integrity.

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3
Q

COX-1 Negative affects

A

Reduced renal blood flow, bleeding, GI ulceration.

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4
Q

NSAID most common side effects

A

GI ulceration and bleeding

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5
Q

Less common NSAID Side effects

A

Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, inhibition of cartilage metabolism, bone marrow supression and, bleeding tendencies

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6
Q

Where are NSAIDS well absorbed?

A

The stomach

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7
Q

NSAIDS don’t block what pain?

A

Severe somatic or visceral pain

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8
Q

PgE Would Normally Do All of The Following:

A

1) Decrease volume/acidity/pepsin content of gastric secretions.
2) Stimulate secretion of HCO-3 t neutralize acid entering stomach.
3) Increase perfusion of gastric mucosa : stimulate gastric & enteric mucus production.
4) Stimulate turnover & repair of GI epithelial cells.

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9
Q

PgE is?

A

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent inflammatory mediator that is generated by cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) conversion of arachidonic acid.

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10
Q

COX 2 Inhibition

A

Beneficial effects

Suppression of inflammation

Alleviation of pain

Reduction of fever

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11
Q

Propionic Acids

A 
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Carprofen
Ketoprofen (cox & lox)
Vedaprofen
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12
Q

Salicylates

A

Aspirin

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13
Q

Enolic Acids

A

Phenylbutazone

dipyrone

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14
Q

Pyranocarboxylic

A

Etodolac

Ketorolac

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15
Q

Oxicams

A

Meloxicam

Piroxicam

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16
Q

Nicotinic acid

A

Flunixin meglumine

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17
Q

Fenamtes

A

Meclofenamic acid

Tolfenamic acid

18
Q

Coxib-class

A

Deracoxib
Fibrocoxib
Robenacoxib

19
Q

Para-aminophenol

A

Acetaminophen

20
Q

1st Generation

A

Aspirin , Phenylbutazone , Meclofenamic acid

21
Q

2nd Generation

A

Carprofen , Etodolac , Meloxicam , Tolfenamic acid , Ketoprofen

22
Q

3rd Generation

A

Tepoxilin , Deracoxib , Firocoxib , Mavacoxib , Robenacoxib , Cimicoxib

23
Q

COMMON NSAID’s: Phenylbutazone

A

BUTAZONE®️ , BIZOLIN®️ , CENTRIBUTE®️ , EQUIPALAZONE®️ ……
(Trade Names)
Musculoskeletal lameness , pyrexia associated with viral* infection

Prolonged half life in ruminants = every 2-3 days

24
Q

COMMON NSAID’s: Naproxen

A

ANAPROX®️ , NAXEN®️ , APO-NAPROXEN®️
(Trade Names)
HORSES are only used for BUTE but are said to be better than BUTE.

Extremely effective for muscle pain & soft tissue injuries in horses

Has enterohepatic circulation in dogs and therefore this extends the half life , 3 days

25
COMMON SAID's: Carprofen
RIMADYL ®️ (Trade Names) Preferentially inhibits COX-2 , therefore the adverse effects of NSAID’s is decreased, first one licensed as such. Antipyretic , analgesic , anti-Infl. , anti-platelet function.
26
COMMON SAID's: Ketoprofen
ANAFEN®️ (Trade Names) COX-1 AND LIPOXYGENASE inhibitor Does not mix well with other drugs Do not use with other NSAID’s / steroids
27
COMMON SAID's: Flunixin meglumine
BANAMINE®️ (Trade Names) Licensed for use in horses: colic, uveitis Potent , effects comparable to the opioids Sequesters in inflammatory sites* Oral – paste or IV (optimal) Muscle injections associated with clostridial myositis
28
Common NSAIDs: Meloxicam
METACAM®️ Preferentially inhibits COX-2 Musculoskeletal disorders in dogs cats* *indications of use
29
Common NSAIDs: Etodolac
ETOGESIC®️ Osteoarthritis in dog Removed from the market. Still can order generic compounds of the active ingredient.
30
Common NSAIDs: Vedaprofen
Vetprofen®️ & Quadrisol®️ 100(Trade Names) Osteoarthritis in dogs Pain and inflammation in horses (+/- colic) Paste It is not a permitted medication for Equine Canada or FEI. Withdrawal Time: 72 hours
31
COMMON NSAIDs: Acetysalicyclic acid
Human Preparations: Aspirin , Ecotrin , Entrophen (Trade Names) Controls mild to moderate pain. DJD , Saddle thrombus in cats , heartworm disease. Significantly lower doses used for cats GIT ulceration , von Willebrand’s , asthma
32
NSAID - Acetominophen
Tylenol Poisonous in cats Rarely used in veterinary medicine unless combined with codeine Reduces fever and likely reduces the perception of pain (not inflammation) Gastrointestinal side effects are rare but it can cause liver and kidney dysfunction in all animals Poisonous in cats: liver damage, methemoglobin (chocolate-colored mucous membranes) and dark urine caused by methemoglobin in the blood and urine
33
DOMOSO™
DMSO Compound is dimethyl sulfoxide Anti-infl. , analgesic ; interferes with neutrophil chemotaxis , potent diuretic Many uses , many off label!!!
34
DMSO Cautions
Wear gloves!! Thoroughly cleanse area to avoid absorption of Bacterial toxins, Chemicals, Oils, grease, insecticides ``` Applied topically: Erythema, Edema, pruritus Horses it can cause hemolysis Hemoglobinuria IV injections <20% Not considered safe in pregnant animals ```
35
MSM: Flexagen®
{Methylsulfonylmethane} A metabolite of DMSO …expected to scavenge oxygen radicals, and provide analgesic effects
36
PSGAG: Adequan®
{Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan} A potent proteolytic enzyme inhibitor that diminishes or reverses the processes that result in the loss of cartilaginous mucopolysaccharides. Noninfectious degenerative and/or traumatic joint dysfunction and associated lameness
37
Hyaluronase®
Hyaluronic Acid: A linear polydisaccharide (glucuronic acid + glucosamine) , it is an essential component of synovial fluid. Acts as a lubricant by increasing viscosity of synovial fluid Antiinflammatory action comes from suppression of PG Persists in joints for several days if given IA Half life in horses is 96 hours if given IV
38
Oral Nutraceuticals: Cosequin®
Synthesized glucosamine Chrondroitin sulfates Manganes ascorbate
39
Oral Nutraceuticals: Glyco-flex®
Mucopolysaccharides Mixed glycosaminoglycans Chelating metals
40
Nutraceuticals:
Non-drug substance Purified and extracted Administered orally Provides nutritional building blocks for normal body structure and function Intent is to improve health and well being

Pharmacology Seneca (17 decks)

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