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Socio 1 > Quiz 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Social Fact

A

Products of human interaction with persuasive power that exist externally to any individual

ex: shaking hands

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2
Q

Social Structure

A

The social framework in which we live (contains 3 levels: macro, meso, micro)

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3
Q

Macrolevel

A

Institutions, cultural beliefs, big patterns

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4
Q

Mesolevel

A

Groups

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5
Q

Microlevel

A

Small scale interactions (one-on-one interactions), the self

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6
Q

Agency

A

Idea that people make their own decisions

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7
Q

Sociological Imagination

A

The capacity to consider how people’s lives (including our own) are shaped by social facts that surround us

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8
Q

Personal Troubles

A

A problem affecting individuals where the blame is on the individual’s own personal & moral failings

-personal troubles are best understood when thinking of it as a public issue

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9
Q

Public Issues

A

Social problems affecting many individuals - an impact on society as a whole

-public issues can help account for problems that individuals experience

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10
Q

Reverse Logistics

A

The process of getting unwanted items back from consumers & figuring out what to do with them

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11
Q

Falsifiable

A

Can be tested and shown to be false

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12
Q

Theoretical

A

Makes general explanations (theory)

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13
Q

Empirical

A

Based on data

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14
Q

Objective

A

Attempts to be free from bias

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15
Q

Communal

A

Shared and challenged in the scientific community

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16
Q

Research Circle

A

Diagram of elements in the research process

a. General explanation/theory
b. Make predictions/hypotheses
c. Observations/data
d. Identifying patterns

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17
Q

Deductive Research

A

a. Starts with a theory
b. Make a hypothesis
c. Test it

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18
Q

Inductive Research

A

a. Make observations
b. Identify patterns
c. Build a theory

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19
Q

Quantitative Methods

A

Experiments, surveys, network anaylsis

a. Numerical data
b. Answers who/what
c. Used for deductive research

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20
Q

Qualitative Methods

A

Interviews, ethnography, content analysis

a. Non-numerical data
b. Answers why
c. Used for inductive research

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21
Q

Experiments (quant)

A

Experimental & control group are compared to determine the effect of one variable on an outcome

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22
Q

Surveys (quant)

A

Collects analyzable data through a questionnaire

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23
Q

Network analysis (quant)

A

Maps social ties (between groups & people) and exchanges between them

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24
Q

Interviews (qual)

A

Intimate conversation between researcher & research subject

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25
Q

Ethnography (qual)

A

Careful observation of naturally occurring social interaction

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26
Q

Content Analysis (qual)

A

Analyzes media for themes

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27
Q

Informed Consent

A

Participants need to understand what they are consenting to & must be aware/okay with what they will be required to do

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28
Q

Confidentiality

A

Participants involvement in research should only be known to the researchers

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29
Q

Field Notes

A

Careful notes ethnographers observe that usually become evidence for their claims

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30
Q

Culture

A

Variation of things and people from place to place

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31
Q

Cultural Objects

A

Natural items that are given a symbolic meaning

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32
Q

Cultural Cognition

A

Shared ideas and values

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33
Q

Cultural Practices

A

Habits, routines, rituals that people frequently perform

34
Q

Social Construct

A

An influential & shared interpretation of reality that varies across time and space

35
Q

Social Construction

A

The process we build connections with concepts and ideas that are molded together (a layering of objects with ideas)

36
Q

Culturally Competent

A

Having knowledge of the cultural beliefs, norms, values in the specific environment we are in

37
Q

Culture Shock

A

Disorientation from traveling and witnessing a difference to what we are used to

38
Q

Socialization

A

Process of learning the beliefs, values, norms of the cultures we inhabit

39
Q

Interpersonal Socialization

A

Active efforts by others to help us be culturally competent members of our cultures

40
Q

Self-socialization

A

Efforts we make to ensure we are culturally competent members of our cultures

41
Q

Media Socialization

A

All cultural competence we gain through exposure to media

42
Q

Agents of Socialization

A

Channels of influence in which we become socialized

-Families
-School
-Peers
-Religion
-Media W
-Work
-Military

43
Q

Culture-as-value

A

The idea that we are socialized into culturally specific moralities that guide our feelings about right and wrong

-Values that are widely accepted in our environments become our own point of view)

44
Q

Culture-as-rationale

A

Idea that we’re socialized to know a set of culturally specific arguments to where we can justify why we feel something is right or wrong

-We search for culturally familiar rationales to explain our reactions

45
Q

Subculture

A

Subgroups within societies that have distinct cultural ideas, objects, practices, bodies

46
Q

Institutions

A

Widespread & enduring patterns of interactions with which we respond to categories of human need; collective solutions to personal problems that span whole societies

47
Q

Formal Practices

A

Requirements, rules, regulations that are part of the institution

48
Q

Informal Practices

A

Similarly build into the institution as norms but are not required

49
Q

Hierarchy

A

Ideas of certain roles having power over others

50
Q

Role

A

Person’s particular job or function

51
Q

Division of labor

A

Breakdown of complicated tasks into smaller parts & distributing them to individuals to complete

52
Q

Rationalization

A

Process of embracing reason & using it to increase the efficiency & effectiveness of human activities

53
Q

Organizations

A

Formal entities that coordinate collections of people in achieving a stated purpose

54
Q

McDonaldization

A

Process by which more parts of life are made efficient, predictable, calculable, controllable by nonhuman tech

55
Q

Efficiency

A

Delivering product in the shortest amount of time possible

56
Q

Predictability

A

Product was consistent wherever it went

57
Q

Calculability

A

Quantity over quality

58
Q

Ideology

A

Shared ideas about how human life should be organized

59
Q

Social Identities

A

Socially constructed categories & subcategories of people in which we place ourselves and are placed by others

ex: race & ethnicity

60
Q

Primary Cultural Frame

A

The main identities we instantly categorize people we interact with: race, gender, age

-Often associated with cultural beliefs about the behavior of these people
-Frame our interactions based on these categories

61
Q

Stereotypes

A

Clusters of ideas attached by social convention to people with specific identities

ex: all Asians are academically strong in math

62
Q

Controlling Images

A

Pervasive negative stereotypes that serve to justify or uphold inequality

ex: the threat of Black men, especially in their interaction with cops

63
Q

Status Beliefs

A

Collectively shared ideas about which social groups are more or less deserving of estee,

ex: Belief that those in tech are more worthy and competent than those in service work

64
Q

The rewards of social identities

A

Self esteem, power, belonging

65
Q

Social rules

A

Culturally specific norms, policies, laws that guide our behavior

ex: You can’t go when the light is red

66
Q

Folkways

A

Loosely enforced nroms

ex: Holding the door open for someone

67
Q

Mores

A

Tightly enforced norms that carry moral significance

ex: Trespassing

68
Q

Taboos

A

Social prohibitions so strong that the thought of violating them can be sickening

ex: Incest

69
Q

Policies

A

Rules that are made and enforced by organizations

ex: Academic dishonesty policy made by schools

70
Q

Laws

A

Rules that are made and enforced by governments

ex: Right of free speech

71
Q

Social sanctions

A

Reactions by others aimed at promoting conformity

ex: Judgement when one does not open the door for someone else

72
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Idea that social interaction depends on the social construction of reality

-We respond to the meaning we give interaction
-The meaning of interaction is produced through interaction (doesn’t exist on its own)
-Meaning is negotiated in interaction

73
Q

Dramaturgy

A

Practice of looking at social life as a series of performances in which we’re actors on metaphorical stages

74
Q

Impression Management

A

Our efforts to control how we’re perceived by others

75
Q

Face

A

Version of ourselves that we want to project in a specific setting

ex: Upholding the smart girl face when in ochem class

76
Q

Face-work

A

Establishes and maintains our face

ex: Using more scientific vocab in discussion during ochem class

77
Q

Front stage

A

A public space in which we are aware of having an audience

ex: Social media, job interview

78
Q

Backstage

A

Private or semi private places in which we can relax or rehearse

ex: Preparing for the Instagram post by editing the picture and creating a caption

79
Q

Ethnomethodology

A

Research aimed at revealing the underlying shared logic that is the foundation of social interactions

80
Q

Ethnomethods

A

Culturally specific background assumptions we use to make sense of everyday life

ex: Breaching - where people purposefully break social rules

81
Q

Looking glass self

A

Self that emerges as a consequence of seeing ourselves as we think other people see us

Socio 1 (2 decks)

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