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EBP 1 > Quiz 1 that i created > Flashcards

Quiz 1 that i created Flashcards

1
Q

What is a variable?

A

A property that can take different values

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2
Q

Operational definition is

A

converting construct into a measurable variable

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3
Q

A construct variable is

A

an abstract (non-observable)

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4
Q

Continuous variable is

A

any value along a continuum within a defined range

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5
Q

A discrete variable is

A

described in whole units. Cannot be halved

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6
Q

What are the levels of measurement?

A

Ratio, interval, ordinal, and nominal

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7
Q

Ratio is

A

numbers that represents units with equal intervals. Measured from a true zero, and has no negatives. Highest and carries the most info. Ex: distance, age, time

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8
Q

Interval is

A

numbers have equal intervals but no true zero. Ex: calendar years, temp

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9
Q

Ordinal

A

numbers indicate a rank order

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10
Q

Nominal

A

numbers are category label. Dichotomous. yes or no answers

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11
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

What you can manipulate/specify.

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12
Q

What are dependent variables?

A

What you measure

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13
Q

Types of independent variable

A

Active and Atrribute

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14
Q

Attribute IV

A

cannot be manipulated. EX: gender

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15
Q

Active IV

A

can be manipulated. Ex: treatment given to a group

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16
Q

Repeated factors

A

same group/people are measured in all levels of an IV. They are their own controls. (within subject)

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17
Q

Independent factors

A

different groups for each level. of IV. (between subjects)

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18
Q

Single factor design

A

Just one independent variable

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19
Q

Multifactorial design

A

two or more IV

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20
Q

Univariate design

A

only 1 dependent variable

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21
Q

Multivariate design

A

multiple dependent variables

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22
Q

what is reliability

A

the extent to which a measurement is consistent & free from error

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23
Q

what is measurement error

A

having the idea that a measurement has a margin of error.

Observed score = true score +/- error

24
Q

Types of measurement error are

A

Systematic, and random

25
What is systematic error
error that is constant in its ways. Either always overestimating or underestimating
26
What is random error
error that is due to chance from measurement. The measurement are unpredictable
27
Sources of measurement error
Rater, instrument, or variability of characteristic being observed
28
Ways to improve reliability
standardize measurement methods, train & test observers, refine & calibrate instruments, blind rater to reduce bias.
29
what are the two reliability coefficients and what are they used for?
ICC: for continuous scale score | Cohen's kappa: categorical scale scores
30
what is MDC?
The ability of an instrument to detect change above measurement error. (Minimal Detectable Change)
31
Types of reliability
test-retest, inter-rater, intra-rater, alternate/parallel, internal consistency, split-half
32
What is the test-retest?
Used to establish that an instrument is capable of measuring a variable consistently. Ignores the rater. Conditions being measured has not changed between tests.
33
What is Inter-rater reliability?
Making sure that two or more people can agree on a measurement for the same group. Best assessed in a single trial. *between rater*
34
What is intra-rater reliability?
Same rater taking measurements for the same group, on multiple occasions. Issue with this is rater bias. Can be avoided by blinding
35
What is alternate/parallel reliability?
Reliability between two different things/instruments. Measured with correlation coefficients
36
What is internal consistency reliability?
looking to see if all the items on a document are internally consistent. How well will the items reflect the same results. Mostly used on questionnaires Make sure there is no redundancy Usually measured with a Cronbach's alpha
37
What is split-half reliability?
Taking half of the items provided and comparing it with the other half
38
Which types of reliability are most relevant for clinicians?
Test-retest, inter and intra rater
39
What types of reliability are mostly for questionnaires, surveys and comparing different types of tests?
Alternate/parallel, internal consistency, Split half reliability
40
What is measurement validity?
the extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
41
A test cannot be _____ if its ____, but can be ____ but not ____
valid, unreliable. reliable but not valid
42
Types of measurement validity
Face validity, content validity, criterion validity, and construct validity
43
What is face validity? | Subjective or objective?
when an instrument appears to test what its supposed to. Least rigorous, subjective, scientifically weak
44
What is content validity? | What is it used for?
Do measurements adequately represent concept & unrelated concepts. Used with questionnaire development
45
What is criterion validity? Subjective or objective? How is it measured?
can the outcomes of the instrument be substituted for an established gold standard. Highest and most objective form Measured by correlation coefficients between measure & source value
46
Types of criterion validity
Concurrent validity and predictive validity
47
What is concurrent validity?
measurements between test taken within the same time
48
What is predictive validity?
establishes that the outcome of the target test can be used to predict a future score/outcome
49
What is construct validity?
how well a tool measures an abstract, concept/construct. | Ways to test are not ideal
50
Types of construct validity
Known group, and convergent validity
51
What is known group validity?
do test result differ between two different known groups
52
What is convergent validity?
is there a correlation with similar text?
53
______ is often the primary focus of research outcomes & must be able to trust that change is "real"
Measuring change
54
What are the issues affecting validity of change
- levels of measurement: Ordinal ratio, ex: is a change from 5:4 same as 2:1 - Reliability: is change a measurement error? - Stability: are there meaningless natural fluctuations? - Baseline score: floor effect (minimum) or ceiling effect (maximum)
55
What is responsiveness?
the ability of an instrument to detect minimal change over time.
56
What is MCID
the ability of an instrument to detect minimally important change. Smallest difference that signifies an important rather than a trivial difference. *should be larger than MDC*

EBP 1 (5 decks)

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