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Chem30A > Quiz 1 Terminology (ch 1,2) > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Terminology (ch 1,2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that takes up space (has volume/mass)

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2
Q

What is mass?

A

A measure of the quantity of matter

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3
Q

What is weight?

A

A force due to gravity

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4
Q

What is a substance?

A

A form of matter that has a consistent composition/physical properties throughout

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5
Q

What is an element?

A

A form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical or physical means

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6
Q

What are atoms?

A

the smallest particles of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of that substance(element)

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7
Q

What are atoms made of?

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

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8
Q

What is the charge of electrons, neutrons, and protons?

A

electrons (-), neutrons(0), protons(+)

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9
Q

What is a compound?

A

a substance that is composed of two or more elements (etc: water)

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10
Q

What is a molecule?

A

a group of atoms that are directly bonded to each other

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of a solid?

A

-crystalline
-defines the geometric arrangement
-condensed atoms/molecules tightly packed together
-minimal atom/molecule motion

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a liquid?

A

-isotropic
-no definite order
-condensed
-fluid
-substantial atomic/molecule motion

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a gas?

A

-isotropic
-not condensed atoms/molecules widely spaced
-fluid
-high atom/molecule motions

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14
Q

What is precision?

A

how close pieces of data are to each other (reproducibility)

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15
Q

What is accuracy?

A

how close a piece of data is to the correct value

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16
Q

What is instrumental precision?

A

the # of meaningful or significant figures in a measurement

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17
Q

How many sig figs 0.001001

A

4

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18
Q

How many sig figs 1.00

A

3

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19
Q

how many sig figs 1100000

A

2

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20
Q

in scientific notation how do you know which way to move the decimal

A

left=exponent is postitive, right=exponent is negative

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21
Q

What is a standing wave?

A

a wave with one or more fixed endpoints that therefore can only exist at certain energies

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22
Q

what is an orbital?

A

a region in space an electron can occupy based on its wave behavior

23
Q

what are quantum numbers?

A

numbers that can be used to refer to a specific orbital; they represent how energy is distributed in an electron

24
Q

What is principal quantum # (n)?

A

total energy in an electron

25
Q

what is orbital angular momentum quantum # (l)?

A

how much an atom rotates around the nucleus

26
Q

What are atomic numbers(z)?

A

the # of protons

27
Q

What is mass number?

A

the # of protons and # of neutrons

28
Q

How do you find the charge of an element?

A

The # of protons minus # of electrons

29
Q

What’s an isotope?

A

a form of the same element (same atomic #) with a different number of neutrons (different mass #)

30
Q

Amu(atomic mass unit)

A

1 gram/ 1 mole

31
Q

atomic weight=average of isotopes

A

(AMU)(nat. occurrence)+(AMU)(nat.occurrence)=atomic weight

32
Q

Characteristics of metal

A

-malleable=able to be hammered into sheets
-ductile=able to be drawn into wires
-shiny
-conducts heat/electricity

33
Q

What are periods?

A

a row on the periodic table, left to right

34
Q

What are groups?

A

a column on the periodic table, up and down

35
Q

What are electron configurations?

A

a representation of how electrons fill orbitals

36
Q

What is Aufbau principle?

A

lower energy orbitals fill before higher energy orbitals

37
Q

What is Pauli exclusion principle?

A

a maxiumum of two electrons can occupy an orbital

38
Q

What is Hund’s rule?

A

in a set of orbitals that are equal in energy(subshell) each orbital fills with one electron first before the electrons pair up

39
Q

What are main group elements?

A

elements in the s or p blocks that normally follow the octet rule

40
Q

What are valence shells?

A

outermost shell of an atom that contains the most energetic electrons, which are the electrons that participate in chemical reactions

41
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

main group elements are elements that almost always react to gain or lose electrons so atoms can have valence shell that has octet configuration (ns^2np^6)

42
Q

Why do elements in the same group(column) have similar chemical behavior?

A

They have the same number of valanece electrons

43
Q

What is an ion?

A

a charged particle

44
Q

What is a cation?

A

a positively charged ion

45
Q

What is a anion?

A

a negatively charged ion

46
Q

What is ionization energy?

A

the energy needed to remove an electron to form a cation

47
Q

What is a mixture?

A

a combination of two or more substance

48
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

the mixture has a uniform composition throughout, and the components cannot be separated by simple physical means (ex: salt water, beer)

49
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

the mixture does not have a uniform composition and the components can be physically separated (ex: sand+water, pizza)

50
Q

Ionization energy _______ down the periodic table since the valence electrons are in higher energy levels, so it takes less energy to remove them

A

Decreases

51
Q

Atomic radius _______ down the periodic table beacuse there are more shells

A

Increases

52
Q

Atomic radius ________ right along the periodic talbe since there are a greater number of protons

A

Decreases

53
Q

Ionization energy ________ to the right of the periodic table because atomic radius decreases

A

Increases

Chem30A (5 decks)

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