Quiz 1 Study Cards Flashcards
Quiz 1: Chapter 1 & 2
1
Q
axon
A
- a thin fiber of consistent diameter
- conveys an impulse toward other neurons, an organ, or a muscle
2
Q
blood-brain barrier
A
- mechanism that excludes most chemicals from the vertebrae brain
3
Q
dendrites
A
- branching fibers on the cell that get narrower near their ends
- receives information from other neurons through synaptic receptors
4
Q
glia
A
- several types that perform different functions
- aka neuroglia
5
Q
interneuron
A
- a cell with its dendrites and axons entirely contained within a single structure
- aka intrinsic neuron
6
Q
membrane
A
- surface of the cell
- aka plasma membrane
7
Q
motor neuron
A
- with its soma in the spinal cord, receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle
8
Q
myelin sheath
A
- insulating material covering many vertebrae axons
- composed of fats and proteins
9
Q
neuron
A
- receives information and transmits it to other cells
10
Q
nucleus
A
- in animals, the structure that contains the chromosomes
11
Q
presynaptic terminal
A
- swelling at the end of each axon branch
- aka the end bulb of bouton (french for button)
12
Q
sensory neuron
A
- specialized to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation (light, sound, etc.)
13
Q
thiamine
A
- vitamin B1
- enables the body to process glucose (sugar)
14
Q
absolute refractory period
A
- the period in which the membrane cannot produce another action potential regardless of the stimulation
15
Q
action potentials
A
- messages sent by axons
16
Q
all-or-none law
A
- the amplitude and velocity of an action potential are independent of the intensity of the stimulus that initiated it, provided that the stimulus reached the threshold
17
Q
electrical gradient
A
- maintaining the electrical charge between the inside and outside of the cell
- aka polarization
18
Q
hyperpolarization
A
- refers to the change in the charge of a neuron when a negative charge is applied to the negative potential inside the axon
- increased polarization
19
Q
local neurons
A
- neurons without an axon
- only exchange information with their closet neighbors
20
Q
resting potential
A
- the difference in voltage between the inside and outside of a cell
21
Q
sodium-potassium pump
A
- a protein complex
- repeatedly transports three sodium ions out of the cell while drawing two potassium ions into it
22
Q
threshold
A
- “limit” that when surpassed produces a massive depolarization of the membrane, opening the membrane’s sodium channels
